Techniques for analysing and monitoring during continuous bio-hydrogenation of kerosene from palm oils.

In this research work, analytical, experimental methods and monitoring techniques of bio-hydrogenated kerosene (BHK) production in continuous mode were presented. Two kinds of raw materials obtained from palm processing plant named as refined bleached deodorised palm oil (RPO) and palm kernel oil (PKO) were converted into BHK via hydrocracking reaction catalysed by Pd/AlO catalyst in pilot scale. Firstly, both of RPO and PKO were pretreated by thermal technique. Subsequently, fatty acid compositions of palm oils were analysed by Gas Chromatography (GC). Then, hydrocracking reaction of RPO and PKO were separately conducted in continuous high pressure packed bed reactor (HPPBR). After reaction, crude-biofuel was refined into BHK via fractional distillation. In addition, some properties of BHK obtained from RPO/PKO such as were C, H, O elements, freezing point, flash points, total acid number and carbon distribution were analysed following the ASTM and UOP 915 standards.•Thermal pretreatment of refined bleached deoderised palm oil (RPO) and palm kernel oil (PKO).•Continuous hydrocracking reaction of palm oil was conducted in pilot scale.•Characterisation of bio-hydrogenated kerosene obtained from palm oil.