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学龄前儿童对电视角色作为信息来源的选择:角色类型、形式和主题领域的影响。

Preschoolers' choices of television characters as sources of information: Effects of character type, format, and topic domain.

机构信息

Department of Communication Arts, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Department of Communication Arts, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

出版信息

J Exp Child Psychol. 2021 Mar;203:105034. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2020.105034. Epub 2020 Nov 20.

Abstract

Educational television (TV) for preschoolers often features unrealistic (anthropomorphic and/or animated) characters, and it is unclear how children perceive such characters as sources of information. In this study, 92 3- to 5-year-olds saw images of characters and chose which would be best for learning about six topics across three domains: animal biology, human biology, and socioemotional. Children were randomized to one of three conditions in which they chose between paired images of (1) live-action humans versus animated humans (i.e., holding character type constant and varying format), (2) animated humans versus animated anthropomorphic animals (i.e., holding format constant and varying character type), or (3) live-action humans versus animated anthropomorphic animals (i.e., most realistic vs. least realistic character choices). Results indicated that children chose animated characters over live-action characters (Conditions 1 and 3). They did not choose humans significantly more often than animals even for human biology and socioemotional lessons (Conditions 2 and 3). However, in Condition 2, they chose animals significantly more often than humans for animal biology lessons. In sum, children showed little sign of prioritizing realism. The study adds children's perspectives to the literature on the effects of reality cues on early learning from educational TV.

摘要

教育电视(TV)通常为学龄前儿童提供不切实际的(拟人化和/或动画)角色,目前尚不清楚儿童如何将这些角色视为信息来源。在这项研究中,92 名 3 至 5 岁的儿童观看了角色的图像,并选择了六个主题的最佳学习方式,涵盖动物生物学、人类生物学和社会情感三个领域。儿童被随机分配到三个条件之一,他们在配对的图像中选择(1)真人与动画人(即保持角色类型不变,改变形式)、(2)动画人与动画拟人动物(即保持形式不变,改变角色类型)或(3)真人与动画拟人动物(即最逼真与最不逼真的角色选择)。结果表明,儿童选择动画角色而不是真人角色(条件 1 和 3)。即使对于人类生物学和社会情感课程,他们也没有选择人类的频率明显高于动物(条件 2 和 3)。然而,在条件 2 中,他们选择动物的频率明显高于人类,用于动物生物学课程。总之,儿童几乎没有表现出优先考虑真实性的迹象。这项研究为有关现实线索对儿童从教育电视早期学习影响的文献增添了儿童的视角。

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