Potts R, Huston A C, Wright J C
J Exp Child Psychol. 1986 Feb;41(1):1-17. doi: 10.1016/0022-0965(86)90047-0.
An experiment is reported that examined the independent effects of television content (violence) and television formal features (action level) on children's attention to programs and their postviewing social behavior. Pairs of preschool boys participated in two experimental sessions in which they saw animated and live television programs that varied in violent content (high or low) and formal features (high or low action level). They then played with toys that contained cues for either aggressive or prosocial interaction. Rapid character action facilitated visual attention to the programs; violent tv content did not facilitate attention. On measures of social behavior, strong effects of toy cues were found independently of television treatment effects. Aggressive toys produced aggressive behavior, and prosocial toys produced prosocial behavior; these patterns included some nonspecific, generalized influences in addition to direct demands of the play materials. Violent tv content led to changes in subjects' style of interaction and was also associated with increases in some prosocial behaviors. Television action level had no systematic effects on subjects' behavior. Results are discussed within the theoretical frameworks of observational learning and general arousal. Implications for children's television programming are also discussed.
本文报道了一项实验，该实验研究了电视内容（暴力）和电视形式特征（动作水平）对儿童节目注意力及观看后社会行为的独立影响。学龄前男孩两两一组参与了两个实验环节，在实验中他们观看了暴力内容（高或低）和形式特征（高或低动作水平）各异的动画和真人电视节目。然后，他们玩含有攻击性或亲社会互动线索的玩具。快速的角色动作促进了对节目的视觉注意力；暴力电视内容并未促进注意力。在社会行为测量方面，发现玩具线索有显著影响，且与电视处理效果无关。攻击性玩具引发攻击性行为，亲社会玩具引发亲社会行为；这些模式除了游戏材料的直接要求外，还包括一些非特定的、普遍的影响。暴力电视内容导致了受试者互动方式的改变，并且还与一些亲社会行为的增加有关。电视动作水平对受试者行为没有系统性影响。本文在观察学习和一般唤醒的理论框架内讨论了研究结果。还讨论了对儿童电视节目的启示。
