Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Institute of Diabetes, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2020 Dec;55:116-124. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.10.017. Epub 2020 Nov 20.
Intestinal glucose absorption is integral to postprandial glucose homeostasis. Glucose absorption is dependent on a number of factors, including the exposure of carbohydrate to the mucosa of the upper gastrointestinal tract (determined particularly by the rates of gastric emptying and small intestinal transit), the digestion of complex carbohydrate into monosaccharides, and glucose sensing and transport by the intestinal mucosa. The absorption of glucose in the small intestine is not only a determinant of the appearance of exogenous glucose in the peripheral circulation, but is also coupled to the release of gastrointestinal hormones that in turn influence postprandial glucose metabolism through modulating gastrointestinal motor function, insulin and glucagon secretion, and subsequent energy intake. This review describes the physiology and pathophysiology of intestinal glucose absorption in health and type 2 diabetes, including its relevance to glucose tolerance and the management of postprandial hyperglycaemia.
肠道葡萄糖吸收对于餐后血糖稳态至关重要。葡萄糖吸收取决于许多因素，包括碳水化合物在上消化道黏膜的暴露（主要由胃排空和小肠转运速度决定）、将复杂碳水化合物消化成单糖，以及肠道黏膜的葡萄糖感应和转运。小肠内葡萄糖的吸收不仅决定了外源性葡萄糖在外周循环中的出现，还与胃肠激素的释放有关，通过调节胃肠运动功能、胰岛素和胰高血糖素分泌以及随后的能量摄入，从而影响餐后血糖代谢。这篇综述描述了健康和 2 型糖尿病中肠道葡萄糖吸收的生理学和病理生理学，包括其与葡萄糖耐量和餐后高血糖管理的关系。
