Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Undersea Hyperb Med. 2020 Fourth Quarter;47(4):539-549. doi: 10.22462/010.12.2020.2.
The popularity of apneic diving is continually growing. As apnea diving substantially burdens the cardiovascular system, special focus is warranted. Regarding inflammation processes and associated inflammatory-related diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases), eicosanoids play an important role. This study aims to investigate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and eicosanoids in voluntary apnea divers, and so to further improve understanding of pathophysiological processes focusing on proinflammatory effects of temporarily hypercapnic hypoxia..
The concentration of PUFAs and eicosanoids were investigated in EDTA plasma in apnea divers (n=10) before and immediately after apnea, 0.5 hour and four hours later, applying liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
Mean age was 41±10 years, and divers performed a mean breath-hold time of 317±111 seconds. PUFAs, eicosanoids and related lipids could be classified in four different kinetical reaction groups following apnea. The first group (e.g., Ω-6 and Ω-3-PUFAs) showed an immediate concentration increase followed by a decrease below baseline four hours after apnea. The second group (e.g., thromboxane B2) showed a slower increase, with its maximum concentration 0.5 hour post-apnea followed by a decrease four hours post-apnea. Group 3 (9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) is characterized by two concentration increase peaks directly after apnea and four hours afterward compared to baseline. Group 4 (e.g., prostaglandin D2) shows no clear response.
Changes in the PUFA metabolism after even a single apnea revealed different kinetics of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulations and changes for oxidative stress levels. Due to the importance of these mediators, apnea diving should be evaluated carefully and be performed only with great caution against the background of cardiovascular diseases and inflammation processes.
apnea diving 的流行度在持续增加。由于 apnea diving 会给心血管系统带来很大的负担，因此需要特别关注。关于炎症过程和相关的炎症相关疾病（例如心血管疾病），类二十烷酸（eicosanoids）发挥着重要作用。本研究旨在调查自愿 apnea diving 者的多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）和类二十烷酸，以便进一步了解重点为暂时性高碳酸缺氧的促炎作用的病理生理过程。
应用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）法，在 apnea diving 者（n=10） apnea 前、apnea 后即刻、0.5 小时和 4 小时后，检测 EDTA 血浆中 PUFAs 和 eicosanoids 的浓度。
平均年龄为 41±10 岁，潜水员的平均闭气时间为 317±111 秒。apnea 后，PUFAs、eicosanoids 和相关脂质可分为四个不同的动力学反应组。第一组（例如，Ω-6 和 Ω-3-PUFAs）apnea 后立即出现浓度增加，然后在 4 小时后降至基线以下。第二组（例如，血栓素 B2）增加较慢，其最大浓度出现在 apnea 后 0.5 小时，然后在 4 小时后降至基线以下。第三组（9-和 13-羟基十八碳二烯酸）的特征是直接在 apnea 后和 4 小时后出现两个浓度增加峰，与基线相比。第四组（例如，前列腺素 D2）没有明显的反应。
即使是单次 apnea 后 PUFAs 代谢的变化也揭示了促炎和抗炎调节以及氧化应激水平变化的不同动力学。由于这些介质的重要性，应仔细评估 apnea diving，并在心血管疾病和炎症过程的背景下谨慎进行。
