Vezzoli Alessandra, Mrakic-Sposta Simona, Brizzolari Andrea, Balestra Costantino, Camporesi Enrico Maria, Bosco Gerardo
Institute of Clinical Physiology-National Research Council (CNR-IFC), 20142 Milano, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Mar 6;25(5):3060. doi: 10.3390/ijms25053060.
Underwater activities are characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) and antioxidant mechanisms, which can be associated with an inflammatory response, depending on O availability. This review explores the oxidative stress mechanisms and related inflammation status (Oxy-Inflammation) in underwater activities such as breath-hold (BH) diving, Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) and Closed-Circuit Rebreather (CCR) diving, and saturation diving. Divers are exposed to hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions, amplified by environmental conditions, hyperbaric pressure, cold water, different types of breathing gases, and air/non-air mixtures. The "diving response", including physiological adaptation, cardiovascular stress, increased arterial blood pressure, peripheral vasoconstriction, altered blood gas values, and risk of bubble formation during decompression, are reported.
水下活动的特点是活性氧/氮物质（RONS）与抗氧化机制之间失衡，这可能会引发炎症反应，具体取决于氧气的可利用性。本综述探讨了水下活动，如屏气（BH）潜水、自给式水下呼吸器（SCUBA）潜水、闭路循环呼吸器（CCR）潜水和饱和潜水中的氧化应激机制及相关炎症状态（氧炎症）。潜水员会暴露于低氧和高氧环境中，这些环境因环境条件、高压、冷水、不同类型的呼吸气体以及空气/非空气混合物而加剧。文中还报道了“潜水反应”，包括生理适应、心血管应激、动脉血压升高、外周血管收缩、血气值改变以及减压过程中形成气泡的风险。
