[孕期中期饮食模式与孕期体重增加关系的前瞻性研究]

[A Prospective Study of the Relationship Between Dietary Patterns during the Second Trimester of Pregnancy and Gestational Weight Gain].

作者信息

Cai Cong-Jie, Dong Hong-Li, Pang Xin-Xin, Bai Dan, Zhang Yi-Qi, Lan Xi, Li Run, Yang Liu-Qing, Sun Hong, Yang Meng-Yuan, Zeng Guo

机构信息

Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu 610045, China.

出版信息

Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2020 Nov;51(6):822-827. doi: 10.12182/20201160105.

DOI:10.12182/20201160105

PMID:33236607

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To study dietary patterns during the second trimester of pregnancy and to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and gestational weight gain (GWG).

METHODS

A prospective cohort study was conducted to select healthy singleton pregnant women at 8-14 weeks of gestation in a maternal and child health care institution in Chengdu city. Food items and quantities were collected at 8-14, 24-28, 32-36 weeks of gestation by using the 3-day 24-hour dietary recall and energy intakes were calculated. Dietary patterns during the second trimester were established by factor analysis and factor scores were calculated. The weight of pregnant women was measured at 8-14, 24-28 weeks of gestation and 1 week before delivery, and the total GWG and the GWG rates in the second and third trimesters were calculated. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and GWG.

RESULTS

A total of 1 004 samples were included. Three dietary patterns were identified: Milk-egg-whole grain pattern, Beverage-dessert pattern and Traditional pattern. The average total GWG was (13.2±4.5) kg. The average weight gain rate was (0.4±0.2) kg/week in the second trimester. The average weight gain rate was (0.5±0.3) kg/week in the third trimester. After adjusting for confounding factors including maternal age, body mass index before pregnancy, dietary energy intake, physical activity, multiple linear regression analysis showed that the factor score of Beverage-dessert pattern was positively associated with the total GWG and the weight gain rate in the third trimester ( =0.370, 95% confidence interval ( ): (0.103, 0.636), =0.007; =0.014, 95% : (0.000, 0.027), =0.049, respectively), and the factor score of Traditional pattern was negatively associated with the total GWG ( =-0.285, 95% : (-0.555, -0.015), =0.039). There was no association between the Milk-egg-whole grain pattern and GWG.

CONCLUSION

Dietary patterns during the second trimester of pregnancy are associated with GWG. The Beverage-dessert pattern may increase the total GWG and weight gain rate in the third trimester. The traditional pattern may help control the total GWG.

摘要

目的

研究孕期中期的饮食模式，并探讨饮食模式与孕期体重增加（GWG）之间的关系。

方法

在成都市一家妇幼保健机构进行了一项前瞻性队列研究，选取妊娠8 - 14周的健康单胎孕妇。在妊娠8 - 14周、24 - 28周、32 - 36周时，采用3天24小时饮食回顾法收集食物种类和摄入量，并计算能量摄入量。通过因子分析确定孕期中期的饮食模式，并计算因子得分。在妊娠8 - 14周、24 - 28周以及分娩前1周测量孕妇体重，计算孕期总GWG以及孕中期和孕晚期的GWG率。采用多元线性回归分析饮食模式与GWG之间的关联。

结果

共纳入1004个样本。确定了三种饮食模式：奶 - 蛋 - 全谷物模式、饮料 - 甜点模式和传统模式。孕期总GWG平均为（13.2±4.5）kg。孕中期体重增加率平均为（0.4±0.2）kg/周。孕晚期体重增加率平均为（0.5±0.3）kg/周。在调整了包括孕妇年龄、孕前体重指数、饮食能量摄入、身体活动等混杂因素后，多元线性回归分析显示，饮料 - 甜点模式的因子得分与孕期总GWG以及孕晚期体重增加率呈正相关（β = 0.370，95%置信区间（CI）：（0.103，0.636），P = 0.007；β = 0.014，95% CI：（0.000，0.027），P = 0.049），传统模式的因子得分与孕期总GWG呈负相关（β = -0.285，95% CI：（-0.555，-0.015），P = 0.039）。奶 - 蛋 - 全谷物模式与GWG之间无关联。