. Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração - InCor - Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil.
. Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo (SP) Brasil.
J Bras Pneumol. 2020 Nov 20;46(6):e20200064. doi: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20200064. eCollection 2020.
The diaphragm is the main muscle of respiration, acting continuously and uninterruptedly to sustain the task of breathing. Diaphragmatic dysfunction can occur secondary to numerous pathological conditions and is usually underdiagnosed in clinical practice because of its nonspecific presentation. Although several techniques have been used in evaluating diaphragmatic function, the diagnosis of diaphragmatic dysfunction is still problematic. Diaphragmatic ultrasound has gained importance because of its many advantages, including the fact that it is noninvasive, does not expose patients to radiation, is widely available, provides immediate results, is highly accurate, and is repeatable at the bedside. Various authors have described ultrasound techniques to assess diaphragmatic excursion and diaphragm thickening in the zone of apposition. Recent studies have proposed standardization of the methods. This article reviews the usefulness of ultrasound for the evaluation of diaphragmatic function, addressing the details of the technique, the main findings, and the clinical applications.
膈肌是呼吸的主要肌肉，持续不断地工作以维持呼吸的任务。膈肌功能障碍可继发于许多病理情况，由于其表现非特异性，在临床实践中常被漏诊。尽管已经使用了多种技术来评估膈肌功能，但膈肌功能障碍的诊断仍然存在问题。由于具有许多优点，包括无创、不使患者暴露于辐射、广泛可用、提供即时结果、高度准确且可在床边重复使用，因此膈肌超声已变得越来越重要。许多作者已经描述了用于评估膈膜移行和附著区膈膜增厚的超声技术。最近的研究提出了方法的标准化。本文综述了超声在评估膈肌功能中的作用，介绍了该技术的细节、主要发现和临床应用。
