Department Pharmaceutical Microbiology at the Hans-Knöll-Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany.
The Usona Institute, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, 53711, WI, USA.
Chempluschem. 2021 Jan;86(1):28-35. doi: 10.1002/cplu.202000581. Epub 2020 Nov 25.
Psychotropic fungi of the genus Psilocybe, colloquially referred to as "magic mushrooms", are best known for their l-tryptophan-derived major natural product, psilocybin. Yet, recent research has revealed a more diverse secondary metabolism that originates from this amino acid. In this minireview, the focus is laid on l-tryptophan and the various Psilocybe natural products and their metabolic routes are highlighted. Psilocybin and its congeners, the heterogeneous blue-colored psilocyl oligomers, alongside β-carbolines and N,N-dimethyl-l-tryptophan, are presented as well as current knowledge on their biosynthesis is provided. The multidisciplinary character of natural product research is demonstrated, and pharmacological, medicinal, ecological, biochemical, and evolutionary aspects are included.
致幻蘑菇属的精神刺激真菌，俗称“迷幻蘑菇”，以其 l-色氨酸衍生的主要天然产物——裸盖菇素最为人所知。然而，最近的研究揭示了一个更具多样性的次级代谢，它起源于这种氨基酸。在这篇简评中，重点放在 l-色氨酸和各种裸盖菇素天然产物上，并强调了它们的代谢途径。同时还介绍了裸盖菇素及其同系物、异质蓝色裸盖菇素低聚物，以及β-咔啉和 N,N-二甲基-l-色氨酸，并提供了它们生物合成的最新知识。本文展示了天然产物研究的多学科性质，包括药理学、医学、生态学、生物化学和进化方面。
