Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
J Neuroinflammation. 2020 Nov 25;17(1):356. doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-02029-3.
The existence of the neural control of mast cell functions has long been proposed. Mast cells (MCs) are localized in association with the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the brain, where they are closely aligned, anatomically and functionally, with neurons and neuronal processes throughout the body. They express receptors for and are regulated by various neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and other neuromodulators. Consequently, modulation provided by these neurotransmitters and neuromodulators allows neural control of MC functions and involvement in the pathogenesis of mast cell-related disease states. Recently, the roles of individual neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in regulating mast cell actions have been investigated extensively. This review offers a systematic review of recent advances in our understanding of the contributions of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides to mast cell activation and the pathological implications of this regulation on mast cell-related disease states, though the full extent to which such control influences health and disease is still unclear, and a complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying the control is lacking. Future validation of animal and in vitro models also is needed, which incorporates the integration of microenvironment-specific influences and the complex, multifaceted cross-talk between mast cells and various neural signals. Moreover, new biological agents directed against neurotransmitter receptors on mast cells that can be used for therapeutic intervention need to be more specific, which will reduce their ability to support inflammatory responses and enhance their potential roles in protecting against mast cell-related pathogenesis.
神经控制肥大细胞功能的存在早已被提出。肥大细胞（MCs）定位于与外周神经系统（PNS）和大脑相关联的位置，在那里它们与全身的神经元和神经元过程在解剖和功能上紧密排列。它们表达各种神经递质、神经肽和其他神经调质的受体，并受其调节。因此，这些神经递质和神经调质提供的调制允许神经控制 MC 功能并参与肥大细胞相关疾病状态的发病机制。最近，研究人员广泛研究了单个神经递质和神经肽在调节肥大细胞作用中的作用。本综述系统地回顾了我们对神经递质和神经肽在肥大细胞激活中的作用的理解的最新进展，以及这种调节对肥大细胞相关疾病状态的病理影响，尽管这种控制对健康和疾病的影响程度尚不清楚，而且对控制背后的机制也缺乏全面的了解。还需要对动物和体外模型进行进一步验证，其中包括整合特定微环境的影响以及肥大细胞与各种神经信号之间的复杂、多方面的相互作用。此外，需要开发针对肥大细胞上神经递质受体的新型生物制剂，以用于治疗干预，这些生物制剂需要更具特异性，这将降低它们支持炎症反应的能力，并增强它们在预防肥大细胞相关发病机制方面的潜在作用。
