Service of Lifestyle and Chronic Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2021 Jul;75(7):1142-1151. doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-00815-z. Epub 2020 Nov 25.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Evidence on whether healthy diets are more expensive than less healthy diets is mixed. The relative cost of meeting healthy diet guidelines in Belgium was estimated.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data from the nationally representative food consumption survey (FCS) 2014-2015 (n = 3146; 3-64 years) were used. Dietary data were collected through two non-consecutive 24-h recalls (records for children). Average prices for >2000 foods were retrieved from the 2014 GfK ConsumerScan panel and linked with foods consumed in the FCS. Daily costs of meeting nutritional guidelines were estimated across age and household education level groups.
Processed meat contributed most (9.8%-14.4% dependent on age group) to the daily cost of diets. Soft drinks contributed to the daily cost more while fruits and vegetables contributed less for lower versus higher educated households. Compared to individuals not meeting any nutrient recommendations (sodium, saturated fat, free sugar, fibre), the average cost/2000 kcal was significantly higher for individuals meeting one (0.36 ± 0.11€, p = 0.001), two (0.87 ± 0.14€, p < 0.001) or three or more (1.44 ± 0.24€, p < 0.001) recommendations. Similarly, compared to individuals not meeting any of the food-based recommendations (fruit, vegetables, wholegrain, nuts and seeds, red meat, processed meat), the average cost/2000 kcal was significantly higher for individuals meeting three or more (1.04 ± 0.27€; p < 0.001) recommendations. For adults, diets meeting guidelines for vegetables were 20% and for fruits 10% more expensive than diets not meeting those guidelines.
The cost of diets of Belgian people meeting healthy diet guidelines is greater than of those not meeting guidelines. Policies that make healthy diets more affordable are recommended.
背景/目的：关于健康饮食是否比不健康饮食更昂贵的证据不一。本研究旨在评估在比利时满足健康饮食指南的相对成本。
受试者/方法：本研究使用了来自全国代表性的食物消费调查（FCS）2014-2015 年（n=3146；3-64 岁）的数据。通过两次非连续的 24 小时回忆（儿童记录）收集饮食数据。从 2014 年 GfK 消费者扫描小组中检索了 2000 多种食物的平均价格，并与 FCS 中消耗的食物相关联。根据年龄和家庭教育水平组估计满足营养指南的每日费用。
加工肉类对饮食的每日成本贡献最大（9.8%-14.4%取决于年龄组）。对于受教育程度较低的家庭而言，软饮料对每日成本的贡献更大，而水果和蔬菜的贡献较小。与不满足任何营养素建议（钠、饱和脂肪、游离糖、纤维）的个体相比，满足一项（0.36±0.11€，p=0.001）、两项（0.87±0.14€，p<0.001）或三项或更多（1.44±0.24€，p<0.001）建议的个体，其 2000kcal 的平均费用更高。同样，与不满足任何基于食物的建议（水果、蔬菜、全谷物、坚果和种子、红肉、加工肉）的个体相比，满足三项或更多（1.04±0.27€；p<0.001）建议的个体，其 2000kcal 的平均费用更高。对于成年人来说，满足蔬菜指南的饮食比不满足这些指南的饮食贵 20%，而满足水果指南的饮食比不满足这些指南的饮食贵 10%。
满足健康饮食指南的比利时人的饮食成本高于不满足指南的饮食成本。建议采取使健康饮食更负担得起的政策。
