Maillot Matthieu, Darmon Nicole, Vieux Florent, Drewnowski Adam
UMR Human Nutrition Research Unit INSERM 476/INRA1260, Marseille, France.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Sep;86(3):690-6. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/86.3.690.
Low-energy-density diets are associated with higher diet costs per 10 MJ. Are diets of higher nutritional quality also associated with higher costs per 10 MJ?
The objective was to determine the relations between energy-adjusted diet costs, dietary energy density, and nutritional quality of diets.
This was a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of 1332 French adults in the 1999 Enquête Individuelle et Nationale sur les Consommations Alimentaires (INCA) data set. Analyses were based on data from 7-d food records. The monetary cost of each diet was estimated by using mean retail prices for 620 foods. Nutritional quality was estimated by calculating the mean adequacy ratio (MAR), based on 23 nutrients. Energy density was based on solid foods only.
In a bivariate analysis, low-energy-density diets were of higher nutritional quality but also cost more. Participants in the highest tertile of MARs had the lowest dietary energy density and the highest diet costs, calculated both per day and per 10 MJ. In a multivariate model, dietary energy density was negatively linked to diet costs (euro/10 MJ), whereas MAR values were positively linked to diet costs after adjustment for age and energy intake. For a given energy intake and energy density, each 10% increase in MAR led to a 13% increase in estimated diet costs per 10 MJ.
In this study of self-selected diets of French adults, lower energy density and higher nutritional quality were associated with higher energy-adjusted diet costs. Higher-quality diets cost more not only because they have a low energy density but also because they are nutrient rich.
低能量密度饮食每10兆焦耳的饮食成本更高。营养质量更高的饮食是否每10兆焦耳的成本也更高呢？
目的是确定能量调整后的饮食成本、饮食能量密度和饮食营养质量之间的关系。
这是一项横断面研究，基于1999年全国个人饮食消费调查（INCA）数据集，对1332名具有全国代表性的法国成年人样本进行分析。分析基于7天食物记录的数据。使用620种食物的平均零售价格估算每种饮食的货币成本。基于23种营养素计算平均充足率（MAR）来估算营养质量。能量密度仅基于固体食物。
在双变量分析中，低能量密度饮食的营养质量更高，但成本也更高。MAR处于最高三分位数的参与者饮食能量密度最低，按每天和每10兆焦耳计算的饮食成本最高。在多变量模型中，饮食能量密度与饮食成本（欧元/10兆焦耳）呈负相关，而在调整年龄和能量摄入后，MAR值与饮食成本呈正相关。对于给定的能量摄入和能量密度，MAR每增加10%，每10兆焦耳的估计饮食成本就会增加13%。
在这项对法国成年人自选饮食的研究中，较低的能量密度和较高的营养质量与能量调整后的饮食成本较高有关。高质量饮食成本更高不仅是因为它们能量密度低，还因为它们富含营养。
