Mehta Rachna, Giri Shatrunjai, Mallick Birendra N
School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067 India.
Present Address: Amity Institute of Neuropsychology & Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, India.
EPMA J. 2020 Aug 13;11(4):529-549. doi: 10.1007/s13167-020-00222-1. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Historically and traditionally, it is known that sleep helps in maintaining healthy living. Its duration varies not only among individuals but also in the same individual depending on circumstances, suggesting it is a dynamic and personalized physiological process. It has been divided into rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS). The former is unique that adult humans spend the least time in this stage, when although one is physically asleep, the brain behaves as if awake, the dream state. As NREMS is a pre-requisite for appearance of REMS, the latter can be considered a predictive readout of sleep quality and health. It plays a protective role against oxidative, stressful, and psychopathological insults. Several modern lifestyle activities compromise quality and quantity of sleep (including REMS) affecting fundamental physiological and psychopathosomatic processes in a personalized manner. REMS loss-induced elevated brain noradrenaline (NA) causes many associated symptoms, which are ameliorated by preventing NA action. Therefore, we propose that awareness about personalized sleep hygiene (including REMS) and maintaining optimum brain NA level should be of paramount significance for leading physical and mental well-being as well as healthy living. As sleep is a dynamic, multifactorial, homeostatically regulated process, for healthy living, we recommend addressing and treating sleep dysfunctions in a personalized manner by the health professionals, caregivers, family, and other supporting members in the society. We also recommend that maintaining sleep profile, optimum level of NA, and/or prevention of elevation of NA or its action in the brain must be seriously considered for ameliorating lifestyle and REMS disturbance-associated dysfunctions.
从历史和传统角度来看，人们都知道睡眠有助于维持健康的生活。其时长不仅因人而异，而且同一个人也会因情况不同而有所变化，这表明睡眠是一个动态的、个性化的生理过程。睡眠被分为快速眼动睡眠（REMS）和非快速眼动睡眠（NREMS）。前者的独特之处在于，成年人在这个阶段花费的时间最少，尽管此时身体处于睡眠状态，但大脑的表现却如同清醒时一样，即处于梦境状态。由于NREMS是REMS出现的前提条件，所以后者可被视为睡眠质量和健康状况的一种预测指标。它对氧化应激、压力和精神病理损伤具有保护作用。一些现代生活方式的活动会损害睡眠（包括REMS）的质量和时长，以个性化的方式影响基本的生理和身心过程。REMS缺失导致大脑去甲肾上腺素（NA）升高会引发许多相关症状，而通过阻止NA的作用这些症状会得到改善。因此，我们提出，了解个性化的睡眠卫生（包括REMS）并维持大脑NA的最佳水平对于身心健康以及健康生活至关重要。由于睡眠是一个动态的、多因素的、受稳态调节的过程，为了健康生活，我们建议健康专业人员、护理人员、家人以及社会上的其他支持成员以个性化的方式解决和治疗睡眠功能障碍。我们还建议，为了改善与生活方式和REMS紊乱相关的功能障碍，必须认真考虑维持睡眠状况、NA的最佳水平，和/或预防大脑中NA升高或其作用。
