Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia.
Sydney Imaging & School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Neuroscience. 2021 Jan 1;452:295-310. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.026. Epub 2020 Nov 24.
The process of valuation assists in determining if an object or course of action is rewarding. Delay discounting is the observed decay of a rewards' subjective value over time. Encoding the subjective value of rewards across a spectrum has been attributed to brain regions belonging to the valuation and executive control systems. The valuation system (VS) encodes reward value over short and long delays, influencing reinforcement learning and reward representation. The executive control system (ECS) becomes more active as choice difficulty increases, integrating contextual and mnemonic information with salience signals in the modulation of decision-making. Here, we aimed to identify resting-state functional connectivity-based patterns of the VS and ECS correlated with value-setting and delay discounting (outside-scanner paradigm) in a large (n = 992) cohort of healthy young adults from the Human Connectome Project (HCP). Results suggest the VS may be involved in value-setting of small, immediate rewards while the ECS may be involved in value-setting and delay discounting for large and small rewards over a range of delays. We observed magnitude sensitive connections involving the posterior cingulate cortex, time-sensitive connections with the ventromedial and lateral prefrontal cortex while connections involving the posterior parietal cortex appeared both magnitude- and time-sensitive. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex could act as "comparator" regions, weighing the value of small rewards against large rewards across various delay duration to aid in decision-making.
估值过程有助于确定一个物体或行动过程是否有价值。延迟折扣是指奖励的主观价值随着时间的推移而衰减。在不同的奖励价值范围内进行编码归因于属于估值和执行控制系统的大脑区域。估值系统 (VS) 在短时间和长时间内编码奖励价值，影响强化学习和奖励表现。执行控制系统 (ECS) 在选择难度增加时变得更加活跃，将上下文和记忆信息与显著信号整合，以调节决策。在这里，我们旨在确定静息状态功能连接模式的 VS 和 ECS 与价值设定和延迟折扣（外部扫描范式）相关，该研究在来自人类连接组计划（HCP）的一个大型（n=992）健康年轻成年人队列中进行。结果表明，VS 可能参与小的、即时奖励的价值设定，而 ECS 可能参与大的和小的奖励的价值设定和延迟折扣，跨越一系列延迟。我们观察到涉及后扣带皮层的大小敏感连接，与腹侧和外侧前额叶皮层的时间敏感连接，而涉及顶下小叶的连接似乎既有大小敏感又有时间敏感。腹侧前额叶皮层和顶下小叶皮层可以作为“比较器”区域，在各种延迟时间内权衡小奖励和大奖励的价值，以帮助决策。
