Fetal tissue transplantation, bone marrow transplantation and prospective gene therapy in severe immunodeficiencies and enzyme deficiencies.

The successful development of fetal tissue transplantation has resulted in therapeutical solutions for patients with a variety of diseases. Fetal liver transplants as well as bone marrow transplants, can completely cure patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. These transplants can also be applied to treat other types of immunodeficiency, hemopathies, and inborn errors of metabolism, in association with immunosuppressive therapy. Despite complete HLA incompatibility between transplanted stem cells and host cells, functional activities of donor-derived T-lymphocytes are not restricted. In severe forms of Di George syndrome, immunological reconstitution can be obtained by fetal thymus transplantation. It is expected that, in the near future, pure stem cell transplants and gene transplants will develop and will provide remarkable solutions for the therapy of a large number of diseases.