基于细胞外基质的生物材料作为脂肪来源干细胞在创伤愈合中的输送载体：胶原支架和两种异种移植物的比较研究。

BACKGROUND: Stem cell therapies represent a promising tool in regenerative medicine. Considering the drawbacks of direct stem cell injections (e.g. poor cell localisation), extracellular matrix-based biomaterials (e.g. scaffolds and tissue grafts), due to their compositional biofunctionality and cytocompatibility, are under investigation as potential stem cell carriers. METHODS: The present study assessed the potential of three commercially available extracellular matrix-based biomaterials [a collagen/glycosaminoglycan scaffold (Integra™ Matrix Wound Dressing), a decellularised porcine peritoneum (XenoMEM™) and a porcine urinary bladder (MatriStem™)] as human adipose-derived stem cell delivery vehicles. RESULTS: Both tissue grafts induced significantly (p < 0.01) higher human adipose-derived stem cell proliferation in vitro over the collagen scaffold, especially when the cells were seeded on the basement membrane side. Human adipose-derived stem cell phenotype and trilineage differentiation potential was preserved in all biomaterials. In a splinted wound healing nude mouse model, in comparison to sham, biomaterials alone and cells alone groups, all biomaterials seeded with human adipose-derived stem cells showed a moderate improvement of wound closure, a significantly (p < 0.05) lower wound gap and scar index and a significantly (p < 0.05) higher proportion of mature collagen deposition and angiogenesis (the highest, p < 0.01, was observed for the cell loaded at the basement membrane XenoMEM™ group). All cell-loaded biomaterial groups retained more cells at the implantation side than the direct injection group, even though they were loaded with half of the cells than the cell injection group. CONCLUSIONS: This study further advocates the use of extracellular matrix-based biomaterials (in particular porcine peritoneum) as human adipose-derived stem cell delivery vehicles. Comparative analysis of a collagen scaffold (Integra™ Matrix Wound Dressing) and two tissue grafts [decellularised porcine peritoneum (XenoMEM™) and porcine urinary bladder (MatriStem™)] as human adipose-derived stem cells carriers.

背景：干细胞疗法代表了再生医学中一种很有前途的工具。考虑到直接注射干细胞的缺点（例如细胞定位不佳），基于细胞外基质的生物材料（例如支架和组织移植物）由于其组成的生物功能性和细胞相容性，正在被研究作为潜在的干细胞载体。

方法：本研究评估了三种市售的基于细胞外基质的生物材料[胶原/糖胺聚糖支架（Integra™ Matrix Wound Dressing）、去细胞猪腹膜（XenoMEM™）和猪膀胱（MatriStem™）]作为人脂肪来源干细胞输送载体的潜力。

结果：两种组织移植物在体外均显著（p<0.01）促进人脂肪来源干细胞增殖，优于胶原支架，尤其是当细胞接种在基底膜侧时。所有生物材料均保留了人脂肪来源干细胞的表型和三系分化潜能。在带夹板的创伤愈合裸鼠模型中，与假手术、单独生物材料和单独细胞组相比，所有接种人脂肪来源干细胞的生物材料均显示出适度改善的伤口闭合，显著（p<0.05）降低的伤口间隙和瘢痕指数，以及显著（p<0.05）更高比例的成熟胶原沉积和血管生成（在接种在基底膜 XenoMEM™组的细胞负载最高，p<0.01）。与直接注射组相比，所有负载细胞的生物材料组在植入侧保留了更多的细胞，即使它们的细胞负载量仅为细胞注射组的一半。

结论：本研究进一步提倡使用基于细胞外基质的生物材料（特别是猪腹膜）作为人脂肪来源干细胞的输送载体。对胶原支架（Integra™ Matrix Wound Dressing）和两种组织移植物[去细胞猪腹膜（XenoMEM™）和猪膀胱（MatriStem™）]作为人脂肪来源干细胞载体进行比较分析。