School of Psychology, Massey University, New Zealand.
School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Denmark.
Disasters. 2022 Jan;46(1):56-79. doi: 10.1111/disa.12470. Epub 2021 Oct 10.
Social capital discourse occupies an important place in disaster studies. Scholars have adopted various inflections of social capital to explain how those with greater amounts of this crucial resource are generally more resilient to disasters and experience speedier recovery. Disaster scholars have also discovered that people typically display altruistic tendencies in the wake of disasters and develop novel networks of mutual support, known as 'communitas', which is also seen to build resilience and boost recovery. In this paper, we use the work of Pierre Bourdieu to synthesise these literatures, conceptualising communitas as 'disaster social capital'. We offer a fleshed-out definition of disaster social capital to distinguish it from regular social capital and discuss the barriers to, and the enablers of, its formation. While primarily a conceptual discussion, we believe that it has practical and policy value for disaster scholars and practitioners interested in inclusive disaster risk reduction as well as full and just recoveries.
社会资本话语在灾害研究中占有重要地位。学者们采用了各种形式的社会资本来解释为什么那些拥有更多这种关键资源的人通常更能抵御灾害，并更快地恢复。灾害学者还发现，人们通常在灾害发生后表现出利他主义倾向，并发展出相互支持的新网络，称为“共同体”，这也被认为有助于建立韧性和促进恢复。在本文中，我们使用皮埃尔·布迪厄的著作来综合这些文献，将共同体概念化为“灾害社会资本”。我们提供了一个更详细的灾害社会资本定义，以将其与常规社会资本区分开来，并讨论其形成的障碍和促成因素。虽然主要是一个概念性的讨论，但我们认为它对灾害学者和对包容性灾害风险减少以及全面和公正恢复感兴趣的灾害从业者具有实际和政策价值。
