性别、训练强度和频率对老年人进行 40 周抗阻运动后肌肉适应性的影响。
The influence of sex, training intensity, and frequency on muscular adaptations to 40 weeks of resistance exercise in older adults.
机构信息
Department of Health and Exercise Science, Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
Department of Health and Exercise Science, Bone Density Research Laboratory, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
出版信息
Exp Gerontol. 2021 Jan;143:111174. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111174. Epub 2020 Nov 26.
UNLABELLED
The purpose of this investigation was to identify the influence that sex, training intensity, and frequency have on long-term resistance exercise (RE) outcomes in older adults.
METHODS
One-hundred eleven older adults (men: 41, women: 70) completed either: high-intensity RE 2d/week (HI-2D; n = 29), low-intensity RE 2d/week (LI-2D; n = 32), high-intensity RE 3d/week (HI-3D, n = 20), or low-intensity RE 3d/week (LI-3D, n = 30). HI protocols completed 3 sets of 8 repetitions with 80% one-repetition maximum (1-RM) while LI completed 3 sets of 16 repetitions with 40% 1-RM. Total and regional bone free lean body mass (BFLBM) were assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and cross-sectional area (mCSA) of the rectus femoris.
RESULTS
mCSA was the only muscle quantity parameter to increase (p = 0.043). Significant trial effects for upper body, lower body, and specific strength were observed (all p < 0.001). Significant sex × time interactions (p < 0.001) were observed for upper and lower body strength, however, men and women displayed similar increases in lower body (45.7 ± 29.6 vs 46.4 ± 34.9%), upper body (33.1 ± 21.0 vs 33.4 ± 24.7%), and specific strength (36.5 ± 28.5 vs 40.1 ± 28.7%). A group × time interaction for lower body strength indicated that at 20-weeks HI-2D and LI-3D displayed greater lower body strength than LI-2D (both p < 0.009), and at 40-weeks HI-2D, HI-3D, and LI-3D displayed significantly greater lower body strength than LI-2D (all p < 0.038).
CONCLUSIONS
These observations indicate that older men and women display similar long-term RE outcomes. Additionally, regardless of frequency or intensity, the current prescriptions were effective for increasing strength, however these data suggest HI-2D > LI-2D and LI-3D > LI-2D but similar outcomes among HI-2D, HI-3D, and LI-3D. The variety of effective RE approaches provides flexibility among older adults for selecting a lifestyle intervention that would be most sustainable.
目的
本研究旨在确定性别、训练强度和频率对老年人长期抗阻运动（RE）结果的影响。
方法
111 名老年人（男性：41 名，女性：70 名）完成以下任意一项：高强度 RE 每周 2 天（HI-2D；n=29）、低强度 RE 每周 2 天（LI-2D；n=32）、高强度 RE 每周 3 天（HI-3D，n=20）或低强度 RE 每周 3 天（LI-3D，n=30）。HI 方案完成 3 组 8 次重复，使用 80%一次重复最大值（1-RM），而 LI 完成 3 组 16 次重复，使用 40%1-RM。通过双能 X 射线吸收法评估总骨自由瘦体重（BFLBM）和股直肌的横截面积（mCSA）。
结果
mCSA 是唯一增加的肌肉数量参数（p=0.043）。观察到上半身、下半身和特定力量的显著试验效果（均 p<0.001）。观察到性别×时间的显著交互作用（p<0.001），而上半身和下半身力量的男性和女性均有相似的增加（45.7±29.6 对 46.4±34.9%），上半身（33.1±21.0 对 33.4±24.7%）和特定力量（36.5±28.5 对 40.1±28.7%）。下半身力量的组×时间交互作用表明，在 20 周时，HI-2D 和 LI-3D 显示出比 LI-2D 更大的下半身力量（均 p<0.009），而在 40 周时，HI-2D、HI-3D 和 LI-3D 显示出比 LI-2D 更大的下半身力量（均 p<0.038）。
结论
这些观察结果表明，男性和女性老年人的长期 RE 结果相似。此外，无论频率或强度如何，目前的处方都能有效地增加力量，但这些数据表明 HI-2D>LI-2D 和 LI-3D>LI-2D，但 HI-2D、HI-3D 和 LI-3D 之间的结果相似。各种有效的 RE 方法为老年人提供了灵活性，可选择最可持续的生活方式干预措施。
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