School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China.
Emergency Mapping Engineering Research Center of Gansu, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 30;15(11):e0242663. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242663. eCollection 2020.
As the capital and one of the metropolises in China, Beijing has met with a number of serious so-called "urban diseases" in the process of rapid urbanization such as blind expansion of urban areas, explosion of population and the increase of urban heat island effect. To treat these "urban diseases" and make the metropolis develop healthful and sustainable in Beijing in the future, the spatial characteristics of metropolis developments in Beijing are explored in this paper. The urban built-up areas in Beijing are extracted using the DMSP-OLS nighttime light data from 1992 to 2013. The characteristics of the urban developments of Beijing are studied, including spatial and temporal scales of urban developments, urban barycenter of Beijing and its transfer trajectory, variations of urban spatial forms and the differences of urban internal developments. The results have shown that the built-up areas had been increasing and circling extending from the central urban areas to the outer spaces in the last 21 years. The built-up area had expanded by 878km2 in 1992-2013, and the built-up area in 2013 had expanded to three times comparing to that of 1992. The expanding area of the built-up area in the northeast is the largest. The expansion of the urban had mainly occurred in 1996-2007, and the expanded area had accounted for 92% of the total research period. During the whole research period, the urban barycenter of Beijing had moved 5000.71 meters towards Northeast 28° of its original place from Dongcheng District to Chaoyang District. The development level of each municipal district had been increasing year by year, and the development differences among the municipal districts had been gradually reduced; the spatial forms of Beijing had been alternately changed between extensive and intensive expansion. The results of this study can help to plan urban land use and people migration of Beijing.
作为中国的首都和特大城市之一，北京在快速城市化过程中遇到了许多所谓的“城市病”，如城市面积盲目扩张、人口爆炸和城市热岛效应加剧。为了治疗这些“城市病”，使北京大都市未来健康可持续发展，本文探讨了北京大都市发展的空间特征。利用 1992 年至 2013 年的 DMSP-OLS 夜间灯光数据提取北京城市建成区。研究了北京城市发展的特征，包括城市发展的时空尺度、北京城市重心及其转移轨迹、城市空间形态的变化和城市内部发展的差异。结果表明，在过去的 21 年里，建成区从中心城市向外部空间不断增加和扩展。1992-2013 年间，建成区面积增加了 878km2，2013 年建成区面积是 1992 年的三倍。建成区扩展面积最大的是东北部。城市的扩张主要发生在 1996-2007 年，扩张面积占整个研究期的 92%。在整个研究期间，北京城市重心向东北方向移动了 5000.71 米，从东城区移动到了朝阳区。每个区的发展水平逐年提高，各区之间的发展差异逐渐缩小；北京的空间形态在粗放扩张和集约扩张之间交替变化。本研究结果有助于规划北京城市土地利用和人口迁移。
