State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Jan 1;207:111541. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111541. Epub 2020 Nov 4.
Ammonia has been of concern for its high toxicity to aquatic species and frequent detection in waters worldwide. This study calculated the national aquatic life criteria for ammonia in China. The temporal and spatial distributions were investigated and the multi-tier ecological risks were assessed for ammonia and un-ionized ammonia (NH) during 2014-2018 based on a total of 18989 ammonia monitoring data from 110 monitoring sites in seven river basins. The sensitivity comparison of different species taxa to ammonia showed that Perciformes fish should be listed as a priority protected species in the derivation of ammonia criteria. The participation of introduced aquaculture species have no significant impact on the final criteria values (t-test, p > 0.05). The final criterion maximum concentration (CMC) and criterion continuous concentration (CCC) were 10.24 and 3.31 mg/L for ammonia (pH 7.0 and 20 °C). The interannual variation showed that decreasing trends were observed for ammonia and NH pollutions in the past five years. However, the increasing trends were observed for ammonia in Liao River basin, for NH in Yangtze River and Pearl River basins (2014-2018). The significant seasonal and geographical differences of ammonia and NH pollution were found. Moreover, the pollutions of ammonia and NH in some monitoring points of Huai River, Yellow River and Songhua River basins at the provincial borders were significant. The result of ecological risk assessment showed that the average exceedance probability for 5% affected species by NH in long-term exposure was 28.96% in the past five years.
氨因其对水生生物的高毒性和在全球水域中的频繁检出而受到关注。本研究计算了中国的氨国家水生生物标准。基于 2014-2018 年来自七大流域 110 个监测点的 18989 个氨监测数据,调查了氨和非离子氨(NH)的时空分布,并评估了其多层面生态风险。不同物种类群对氨的敏感性比较表明,鲈形目鱼类应被列为氨标准推导的优先保护物种。外来养殖物种的参与对最终标准值没有显著影响(t 检验,p>0.05)。氨的最终标准最大浓度(CMC)和标准连续浓度(CCC)分别为 10.24 和 3.31mg/L(pH 7.0 和 20°C)。年际变化表明,过去五年氨和 NH 污染呈下降趋势。然而,在过去五年中,辽河流域氨的污染呈上升趋势,长江和珠江流域 NH 的污染呈上升趋势。发现了氨和 NH 污染的显著季节性和地理差异。此外,淮河、黄河和松花江流域部分省界监测点的氨和 NH 污染也很严重。生态风险评估结果表明,过去五年中,NH 对受影响物种的长期暴露 5%的平均超标概率为 28.96%。