Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
Environmental Analysis and Testing Laboratory, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Jun 1;215:112141. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112141. Epub 2021 Mar 16.
Current Chinese surface water environmental quality standard GB3838-2002 for ammonia fails to take water quality factors and native organism distributions in different basins into consideration. In this study, ammonia toxicity tests were performed using three aquatic organisms native to the Shaying River Basin (China). Published ammonia toxicity data with pH and temperature, and toxicity data acquired in this study were used to establish water quality criteria. The final criterion maximum concentration (CMC) and criterion continuous concentration (CCC) for the Shaying River Basin were 5.09 and 1.36 (mg total ammonia nitrogen (TAN))/L (pH 7 and 20 °C), respectively. In addition, based on the corresponding relationship between ammonia toxicity and temperature and pH, the ecological risk assessment of ammonia was conducted in different seasons for the Shaying River using a tiered approach of both hazard quotient (HQ) and the joint probability (JPC) methods. Two methods gave consistent results: the ecological risks of ammonia to aquatic species in the Shaying River Basin were severe and the risk could be ranked as wet season > flat season > dry season. It is therefore indicating that monitoring, evaluation, and early warning of ammonia pollution need to be taken to prevent and control the risks posed by ammonia pollution, especially for wet season (because of high temperatures and pH) or flat season (because of high pH values). We hope the present work could provide valuable information to manage and control ammonia pollution in the Shaying River Basin.
当前中国的地表水环境质量标准 GB3838-2002 中氨氮指标没有考虑到水质因素和不同流域本土生物的分布情况。本研究采用沙颍河流域的三种本土水生生物进行了氨毒性测试。研究结合已发表的氨毒性数据（包括 pH 值和温度）以及本研究中获得的数据，建立了水质标准。沙颍河流域的最终标准最大浓度（CMC）和标准连续浓度（CCC）分别为 5.09 和 1.36（mg 总氨氮（TAN）/L（pH7 和 20°C））。此外，基于氨毒性与温度和 pH 值的对应关系，本研究采用危害商数（HQ）和联合概率（JPC）两种分层方法对沙颍河不同季节的氨氮进行了生态风险评估。两种方法得出了一致的结果：沙颍河流域氨对水生生物的生态风险严重，风险可按湿季>平季>旱季进行排序。这表明需要对氨污染进行监测、评估和预警，以防止和控制氨污染带来的风险，特别是在高温高 pH 值的湿季或 pH 值较高的平季。本研究希望能为沙颍河流域的氨污染管理和控制提供有价值的信息。
