欧亚地区的新精神活性物质：在六个国家使用毒品和减少伤害服务的人的定性研究。
New psychoactive substances in Eurasia: a qualitative study of people who use drugs and harm reduction services in six countries.
机构信息
Eurasian Harm Reduction Association, Verkių g. 34B, office 701, 08221, Vilnius, Lithuania.
School of Law, Swansea University, Richard Price Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
出版信息
Harm Reduct J. 2020 Nov 30;17(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s12954-020-00448-2.
BACKGROUND
This study examines the use of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and the harm reduction response in six Eurasian countries: Belarus, Moldova, Serbia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Georgia. The aim is to identify current patterns of NPS use and related harms in each country through recording the perspectives and lived experience of people who use drugs and people who provide harm reduction services in order to inform the harm reduction response.
METHODOLOGY
The study involved desk-based research and semi-structured interviews/focus groups with 124 people who use drugs and 55 health and harm reduction service providers across the six countries.
RESULTS
People who use drugs in all countries were aware of NPS, primarily synthetic cathinones and synthetic cannabinoids. NPS users generally reflected two groups: those with no prior history of illicit drug use (typically younger people) and those who used NPS on an occasional or regular basis due to the lack of availability of their preferred drug (primarily opiates). In many cases, these respondents reported they would not use NPS if traditional opiates were available. Common factors for choosing NPS included cost and accessibility. Respondents in most countries described NPS markets that use the DarkNet and social media for communication, secretive methods of payment and hidden collection points. A recurring theme was the role of punitive drug policies in driving NPS use and related harms. Respondents in all countries agreed that current harm reduction services were important but needed to be enhanced and expanded in the context of NPS.
CONCLUSIONS
The study identified patterns and drivers of NPS use, risk behaviours and drug-related harms. It identified gaps in the current harm reduction response, particularly the needs of non-injectors and overdose response, as well as the harmful effects of punitive drug policies. These findings may inform and improve current harm reduction services to meet the needs of people who use NPS.
背景
本研究考察了六个欧亚国家（白俄罗斯、摩尔多瓦、塞尔维亚、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和格鲁吉亚）中新精神活性物质（NPS）的使用情况和减少伤害的应对措施。目的是通过记录吸毒者和提供减少伤害服务者的观点和生活经验，了解每个国家目前的 NPS 使用模式和相关危害，以便为减少伤害的应对措施提供信息。
方法
该研究涉及六个国家的文献研究和 124 名吸毒者和 55 名卫生和减少伤害服务提供者的半结构式访谈/焦点小组。
结果
所有国家的吸毒者都意识到 NPS，主要是合成卡西酮和合成大麻素。NPS 用户通常分为两类：一类是以前没有使用过非法药物（通常是年轻人），另一类是因为他们喜欢的药物（主要是阿片类药物）无法获得，偶尔或经常使用 NPS。在许多情况下，如果传统的阿片类药物可用，这些受访者表示他们不会使用 NPS。选择 NPS 的常见因素包括成本和可及性。大多数国家的受访者描述了使用暗网和社交媒体进行沟通、秘密支付方式和隐藏收集点的 NPS 市场。一个反复出现的主题是惩罚性毒品政策在推动 NPS 使用和相关危害方面的作用。所有国家的受访者都认为当前的减少伤害服务很重要，但需要在 NPS 的背景下加以加强和扩大。
结论
该研究确定了 NPS 使用、风险行为和与药物相关的危害的模式和驱动因素。它发现了当前减少伤害应对措施的差距，特别是非注射者和过量反应的需求，以及惩罚性毒品政策的有害影响。这些发现可能为当前的减少伤害服务提供信息并加以改进，以满足使用 NPS 的人的需求。
Zotero 插件