Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
AMIS Plus Data Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Eur J Clin Invest. 2021 Apr;51(4):e13466. doi: 10.1111/eci.13466. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
Little is known about changes in cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) profile over time in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
We assessed changes in age and CVRF profile in consecutive AMI patients enrolled in the Swiss nationwide AMIS Plus registry between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2018.
A total of 57 995 AMI patients were included in the analysis. Mean age at presentation was 71.5 ± 11.3 years for women and 63.9 ± 12.8 years for men and did not change over time. Overall, the mean (standard deviation) number of CVRF increased from 1.76 (1.07) in 1997/98 to 2.26 (1.10) in 2017/18 in men (P < .001), while the corresponding rates in females were 1.83 (1.11) and 2.24 (1.08) (P < .001). In terms of active smoking, no significant trend was detected for males, while there was a significant increase in females (P < .001). As a result, the gap in smoking rates between men and women presenting with AMI decreased from 19.9% (45.3% vs 25.4%) in 1997/98 to 7.9% (41.2% vs 33.3%) in 2017/18. Reassuring was the stability in terms of diabetes prevalence for both genders. Obesity was more prevalent over time in men, while the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia increased in both genders.
Among patients with AMI in Switzerland over two decades, age at presentation remained stable, while the mean number of CVRF increased in both men and women. Striking was the increase in the prevalence of smoking in women, leading to a reduction of the gender gap over time.
关于急性心肌梗死 (AMI) 患者心血管风险因素 (CVRF) 谱随时间变化的情况知之甚少。
我们评估了 1997 年 1 月 1 日至 2018 年 12 月 31 日期间在瑞士全国 AMIS Plus 注册中心连续纳入的 AMI 患者的年龄和 CVRF 谱变化。
共纳入 57995 例 AMI 患者。女性就诊时的平均年龄为 71.5±11.3 岁，男性为 63.9±12.8 岁，且随时间无变化。总体而言，男性的平均（标准差）CVRF 数量从 1997/98 年的 1.76（1.07）增加到 2017/18 年的 2.26（1.10）（P<.001），而女性相应的比例分别为 1.83（1.11）和 2.24（1.08）（P<.001）。在吸烟方面，男性未发现明显趋势，而女性则明显增加（P<.001）。因此，AMI 患者的男女吸烟率差距从 1997/98 年的 19.9%（45.3%对 25.4%）缩小到 2017/18 年的 7.9%（41.2%对 33.3%）。令人欣慰的是，两性的糖尿病患病率稳定。肥胖在男性中随时间推移更为普遍，而高血压和血脂异常在两性中均增加。
在瑞士的 AMI 患者中，在过去的二十年中，就诊年龄保持稳定，而男性和女性的平均 CVRF 数量均增加。女性吸烟率的增加引人注目，导致随时间推移性别差距缩小。
