Department of Primary Care, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA.
The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
Diabet Med. 2021 Apr;38(4):e14472. doi: 10.1111/dme.14472. Epub 2020 Dec 9.
Social support may buffer or decrease the negative effects of diabetes distress (DD) and depressive symptoms on diabetes outcomes. We assessed the buffering role of social support in the relationship between DD and self-care and depressive symptoms and self-care in adults with Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 (T2D) diabetes.
Participants completed the Diabetes Distress Scale for T2D or T1D, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey and the Self-Care Inventory-Revised. We conducted hierarchical multiple regression models using SPSS version 26.0.
A total of 325 adults (median age = 40.5 years, 62.2% women, 86.5% White; 59.7% T2D, A1C = 59 ± 6 mmol/mol or 7.5 ± 1.6%; median duration = 11.0 years) participated. Greater social support buffered the negative effects of DD on self-care (R Δ = 0.015, p = 0.024) as well as depressive symptoms on self-care (R Δ = 0.024, p = 0.004) in participants with T1D and T2D. Both regression models recorded medium effect sizes (F = 0.220, F = 0.234 respectively). Social support subscale analyses showed tangible support (R Δ = 0.016, p = 0.018) and affectionate support (R Δ = 0.016, p = 0.020) buffered DD and self-care, and emotional support (R Δ = 0.015, p = 0.022), tangible support (R Δ = 0.020, p = 0.009), affectionate support (R Δ = 0.025, p = 0.004) and positive interaction support (R Δ = 0.017, p = 0.018) buffered depressive symptoms and self-care.
Findings suggest that social support buffers the impact of DD and depressive symptoms on self-care in adults with T1D and T2D. Additional research is needed to confirm the buffering role of social support on DD and depressive symptoms. Greater understanding of these interactions may help improve clinical care and outcomes.
社会支持可以缓冲或减轻糖尿病困扰（DD）和抑郁症状对糖尿病结果的负面影响。我们评估了社会支持在 1 型（T1D）和 2 型（T2D）糖尿病成人中 DD 与自我护理以及抑郁症状与自我护理之间关系中的缓冲作用。
参与者完成了 T2D 或 T1D 的糖尿病困扰量表、患者健康问卷-9、医疗结果研究社会支持调查和自我护理量表修订版。我们使用 SPSS 版本 26.0 进行了分层多元回归模型。
共有 325 名成年人（中位数年龄 40.5 岁，62.2%为女性，86.5%为白人；59.7%为 T2D，A1C=59±6mmol/mol 或 7.5±1.6%；中位数病程 11.0 年）参与了研究。在 T1D 和 T2D 参与者中，更大的社会支持缓冲了 DD 对自我护理的负面影响（RΔ=0.015，p=0.024）以及抑郁症状对自我护理的负面影响（RΔ=0.024，p=0.004）。两个回归模型都记录了中等效应大小（F=0.220，F=0.234）。社会支持分量表分析表明，有形支持（RΔ=0.016，p=0.018）和情感支持（RΔ=0.016，p=0.020）缓冲了 DD 和自我护理，情感支持（RΔ=0.015，p=0.022）、有形支持（RΔ=0.020，p=0.009）、情感支持（RΔ=0.025，p=0.004）和积极互动支持（RΔ=0.017，p=0.018）缓冲了抑郁症状和自我护理。
研究结果表明，社会支持缓冲了 T1D 和 T2D 成人中 DD 和抑郁症状对自我护理的影响。需要进一步研究来确认社会支持对 DD 和抑郁症状的缓冲作用。更好地了解这些相互作用可能有助于改善临床护理和结果。
