Zwar Larissa, Angermeyer Matthias C, Matschinger Herbert, Riedel-Heller Steffi G, König Hans-Helmut, Hajek André
Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
Center for Public Mental Health, Gösing am Wagram, Austria.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2021 Mar-Apr;93:104301. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104301. Epub 2020 Nov 19.
This study aimed to investigate the association between familiarity with caregiving and public stigma towards informal caregivers of older individuals.
The sample for this Online-Survey was identified using a quota-system based on German micro census data (N=1037; aged 18 years and older, living in Germany). Familiarity with caregiving was assessed by asking whether the participant has experience in or has friends or relatives with experience in informal or professional caregiving for individuals aged 65 years or older. Public caregiver stigma was assessed by analyzing the emotional, behavioral and cognitive reactions towards caregivers as described in a vignette.
Adjusted regressions analyses indicated that experience in providing informal care was associated with increased appreciative feelings and statements, and decreased social distance. Experience in providing professional care was associated with increased devaluing statements. Having friends or relatives who have experience in informal caregiving was associated with decreased social distance. Having friends or relatives who have experience in professional caregiving was associated with decreased devaluing feelings, increased appreciative feelings and decreased social distance.
Results indicate that familiarity with caregiving, through one's own informal care experience or through contact with informal or professional caregivers, reduced public stigma towards informal caregivers. Moreover, experience with informal care or contact with professional caregivers increased appreciation of informal caregivers. However, increased negative stigmatizing statements were indicated among participants with experience in professional caregiving. Fostering contact and cooperation between informal caregivers and non-caregivers, as well as with professional caregivers may help reduce stigmatizing reactions.
本研究旨在调查对护理工作的熟悉程度与公众对老年个体非正式护理者的污名化之间的关联。
本在线调查的样本是根据德国微观人口普查数据，采用配额系统确定的（N = 1037；年龄在18岁及以上，居住在德国）。通过询问参与者是否有照顾65岁及以上个体的非正式或专业护理经验，或者其朋友或亲戚是否有相关经验，来评估对护理工作的熟悉程度。通过分析一个小案例中描述的对护理者的情绪、行为和认知反应，来评估公众对护理者的污名化。
调整后的回归分析表明，提供非正式护理的经验与更多的赞赏性感受和言论以及更小的社会距离相关。提供专业护理的经验与更多贬低性言论相关。有从事非正式护理工作的朋友或亲戚与更小的社会距离相关。有从事专业护理工作的朋友或亲戚与更少的贬低性感受、更多的赞赏性感受以及更小的社会距离相关。
结果表明，通过自身的非正式护理经验或与非正式或专业护理者的接触，对护理工作的熟悉程度降低了公众对非正式护理者的污名化。此外，非正式护理经验或与专业护理者的接触增加了对非正式护理者的赞赏。然而，有专业护理经验的参与者中负面污名化言论有所增加。促进非正式护理者与非护理者之间以及与专业护理者之间的接触与合作，可能有助于减少污名化反应。
