Filardi Tiziana, Sabato Claudia, Lubrano Carla, Santangelo Carmela, Morano Susanna, Lenzi Andrea, Migliaccio Silvia, Ferretti Elisabetta, Catanzaro Giuseppina
Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Gender Specific Prevention and Health Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Biomedicines. 2020 Nov 27;8(12):545. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines8120545.
The prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased over the last decades. Weight loss obtained through diet and exercise leads to a significant decrease in morbidity and mortality. Recently, there has been growing interest in the possible beneficial effects of dietary supplements (DSs), including polyphenols, fatty acids, and other plant-derived substances, as adjuvants in the management of obesity and metabolic diseases. Specifically, polyphenols, widely spread in vegetables and fruits, significantly modulate adipose tissue activities, contrasting inflammation and improving insulin sensitivity in preclinical and clinical studies. Remarkably, polyphenols are involved in complex microRNA networks, which play crucial roles in metabolic processes. The administration of different polyphenols and other plant-derived compounds led to significant changes in the microRNA expression profile in peripheral tissues in a growing number of preclinical studies. In particular, these compounds were able to revert obesity-induced microRNA dysregulation, leading to the inhibition of adipogenesis and the induction of weight loss. Furthermore, through microRNA modulation, they attenuated key metabolic alterations, including insulin resistance and lipid anomalies, in animal models of obesity. Some of them were also able to reduce proinflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue. The aim of this review is to summarize current evidence about the effect of plant-derived DSs on microRNA expression in obesity.
在过去几十年里，肥胖症的患病率急剧上升。通过饮食和运动实现的体重减轻会显著降低发病率和死亡率。最近，人们越来越关注膳食补充剂（DSs）的潜在有益作用，包括多酚、脂肪酸和其他植物来源的物质，它们可作为肥胖症和代谢性疾病管理中的辅助剂。具体而言，广泛存在于蔬菜和水果中的多酚在临床前和临床研究中可显著调节脂肪组织活动，对抗炎症并改善胰岛素敏感性。值得注意的是，多酚参与复杂的微小RNA网络，这些网络在代谢过程中发挥关键作用。在越来越多的临床前研究中，给予不同的多酚和其他植物来源的化合物会导致外周组织中微小RNA表达谱发生显著变化。特别是，这些化合物能够逆转肥胖诱导的微小RNA失调，导致脂肪生成受到抑制并引起体重减轻。此外，通过微小RNA调节，它们减轻了肥胖动物模型中的关键代谢改变，包括胰岛素抵抗和脂质异常。其中一些还能够减少脂肪组织中的促炎细胞因子。本综述的目的是总结关于植物来源的DSs对肥胖症中微小RNA表达影响的当前证据。
