[Beyond the diagnosis - applying the transdiagnostic approach and RDoC aspects in the modern neuroscience].

The new psychiatry classification systems, despite long lasting preparation and broad consensus, do not provide an answer to the fundamental dilemmas of modern psychiatry. This is because categorical approaches are independent of the underlying neurobiological and genetic factors and cannot integrate the results of modern research, which is a big barrier of the neuroscientific development. Recent neuroscience research, with revolutionary new methods and tools and the analysis of huge databases, provides more and more information about the normal and abnormal functioning of the central nervous system. It is an enor - mous challenge to interpret these new findings, so there is a growing need to develop theoretical models that help to better understand the complexity of mental disorders and the mechanism of their development. In my paper, I summarize recent research methods related to the symptomatic heterogenity and etiological back - ground of mental disorders and present the results of some new transdiagnostic studies, in order to illustrate the key aspects of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) system developed to integrate the new results. The RDoC framework helps to interpret the results of neuroscience research in a complex way and facilitates the detec - tion of differences in genotypes and (endo)phenotypes, as well as a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and developmental differences responsible for the development of mental disorders. This can mean signi ficant progress not only in renewing psychiatric nosology, but also in identifying new preventive and therapeutic targets.