Osváth Péter
PTE Pszichiátriai és Pszichoterápiás Klinika.
Ideggyogy Sz. 2020 Nov 30;73(11-12):379-387. doi: 10.18071/isz.73.0379.
Nowadays, the focus of genetic, neurobiological, neuropsychological and psychosocial research is on a more accurate discovery of the etiology of mental illnesses, especially with regard to the role and complex interactions of certain risk factors. It is increasingly challenging to interpret the results of different aspects and methodologies in a coherent theoretical framework, as this can only lead to a more accurate understanding of the complexity and mechanism of the psychiatric disorders. The main aim of this paper to overview recent studies on etiological background of mental disorders and to present the most important aspects of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) system.
Review of reports from comprehensive studies published in the most important psychiatric journals over the past five years summarizing new findings on the etio-logy of mental disorders.
Although current classifications indicate that mental disorders are strictly distinct diagnostic categories, new findings suggest that these marked differences in symptomatic, genetic, and neurobiological backgrounds are not detectable, as many mental disorders have been identified as having common molecular genetic risk factors, which may indicate common neurobiological pathomechanisms.
Research results support the need for a rethinking of psychiatric nosology on an etiological basis and represent an important step forward in the more accurate exploration of the neurobiological background factors of mental disorders and thus in the development of more targeted therapeutic approaches. The development of the RDoC system can be a great help in this, as this dimensional approach offers the possibility of integrating the - often diffuse or even contradictory - neuroscientific research findings into a unified theoretical framework for the etiology, nosology and treatment of mental disorders.
如今，遗传学、神经生物学、神经心理学和社会心理学研究的重点在于更准确地发现精神疾病的病因，尤其是某些风险因素的作用及复杂相互作用。要在一个连贯的理论框架中解读不同方面和方法的结果变得越来越具有挑战性，因为这只会带来对精神疾病复杂性和机制更准确的理解。本文的主要目的是概述近期关于精神障碍病因背景的研究，并介绍研究领域标准（RDoC）系统的最重要方面。
回顾过去五年在最重要的精神病学杂志上发表的综合研究报告，总结精神障碍病因的新发现。
尽管当前的分类表明精神障碍是严格不同的诊断类别，但新发现表明，在症状、遗传和神经生物学背景方面的这些显著差异无法检测到，因为许多精神障碍已被确定具有共同的分子遗传风险因素，这可能表明存在共同的神经生物学发病机制。
研究结果支持在病因基础上重新思考精神病学分类学的必要性，是在更准确地探索精神障碍的神经生物学背景因素从而开发更有针对性的治疗方法方面向前迈出的重要一步。RDoC系统的发展对此会有很大帮助，因为这种维度方法提供了将常常分散甚至相互矛盾的神经科学研究结果整合到一个统一的精神障碍病因、分类学和治疗理论框架中的可能性。
