Müller Rachel, Segerer Wolfgang, Ronca Elias, Gemperli Armin, Stirnimann Daniel, Scheel-Sailer Anke, Jensen Mark P
Swiss Paraplegic Research (SPF), Nottwil, Switzerland.
Paraplegic Center, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
Disabil Rehabil. 2022 Jun;44(12):2691-2704. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1850888. Epub 2020 Dec 2.
Positive emotions have been found to be analgesic and can be induced by positive psychology exercises. This study tested if positive psychology exercises provide beneficial effects on pain, responses to pain, physical (pain interference), and emotional function.
Randomized parallel-group controlled single-blinded superiority-trial including community-dwelling individuals with chronic pain secondary to spinal cord injury. Participants in the intervention group were instructed to practice 4 personalized positive psychology exercises for 8 weeks. Participants in the control group were asked to be mindful and write about current life events.
108 (64%) completed the study. At post-treatment, the intervention participants reported significant reductions in pain intensity and improvements in pain catastrophizing and pain control, relative to baseline. Both groups reported significant decreases in pain interference and negative emotions. Significant between-group differences emerged for pain intensity at post-treatment. At 3-months follow-up, improvements maintained for the intervention group and improvements in positive emotions reached statistical significance. Between-group differences were identified for pain intensity at post-treatment.
Positive psychology exercises represent a potential effective complementary treatment that result in benefits on pain which can be readily implemented into daily living. Trials designed with an inactive control condition should be conducted to further address efficacy.
Swiss ethics committee (EKNZ 2014-317)/clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02459028) Registration date: Ethics approval 25.10.2014/Study start date: May 2015 URL of the record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02459028?term=NCT02459028&cntry=CH&draw=2&rank=1IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPain engenders negative emotions (e.g., fear, anger, sadness) which can negatively affect psychological, social, and physical function.Positive emotions have been found to be analgesic and can be induced by practicing positive psychology exercises.The findings of the current randomized controlled trial provide support for practicing positive psychology exercises (beyond the effects of pain medication intake), in particular on the reduction of pain intensity, but also in improving pain catastrophizing and pain control.The majority of the positive psychology exercises are brief and self-administered positive activities that have no known negative side effects nor financial cost, can be tailored to a person's preferences in activities and can be readily implemented into daily living with chronic pain, complementing standard treatment of pain.
研究发现积极情绪具有镇痛作用，且可通过积极心理学练习诱导产生。本研究旨在测试积极心理学练习对疼痛、疼痛反应、身体功能（疼痛干扰）和情绪功能是否具有有益影响。
采用随机平行组对照单盲优效性试验，纳入因脊髓损伤继发慢性疼痛的社区居民。干预组参与者被指导进行4项个性化的积极心理学练习，为期8周。对照组参与者被要求专注当下并记录当前生活事件。
108名（64%）参与者完成了研究。治疗后，与基线相比，干预组参与者报告疼痛强度显著降低，疼痛灾难化和疼痛控制得到改善。两组均报告疼痛干扰和负面情绪显著减少。治疗后两组在疼痛强度方面出现显著组间差异。在3个月随访时，干预组的改善得以维持，积极情绪的改善达到统计学显著水平。治疗后两组在疼痛强度方面存在组间差异。
积极心理学练习是一种潜在有效的辅助治疗方法，对疼痛有益，且易于融入日常生活。应开展采用无活性对照条件设计的试验以进一步验证疗效。
瑞士伦理委员会（EKNZ 2014 - 317）/美国国立医学图书馆临床试验注册库（NCT02459028）注册日期：伦理批准2014年10月25日/研究开始日期：2015年5月记录网址：https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02459028?term=NCT02459028&cntry=CH&draw=2&rank=1
对康复的意义
疼痛会引发负面情绪（如恐惧、愤怒、悲伤），进而对心理、社会和身体功能产生负面影响。
研究发现积极情绪具有镇痛作用，且可通过进行积极心理学练习诱导产生。
当前随机对照试验的结果支持进行积极心理学练习（超出服用止痛药物的效果），特别是在降低疼痛强度方面，同时也有助于改善疼痛灾难化和疼痛控制。
大多数积极心理学练习是简短且可自行实施的积极活动，无已知的负面副作用，也无需经济成本，可根据个人对活动的偏好进行调整，并且可以轻松融入慢性疼痛患者的日常生活，作为疼痛标准治疗的补充。
