Treumann Rudolf A, Baumjohann Wolfgang
International Space Science Institute, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstr. 6, 8042 Graz, Austria.
Entropy (Basel). 2019 Jul 23;21(7):716. doi: 10.3390/e21070716.
The entropy force is the collective effect of inhomogeneity in disorder in a statistical many particle system. We demonstrate its presumable effect on one particular astrophysical object, the black hole. We then derive the kinetic equations of a large system of particles including the entropy force. It adds a collective therefore integral term to the Klimontovich equation for the evolution of the one-particle distribution function. Its integral character transforms the basic one particle kinetic equation into an integro-differential equation already on the elementary level, showing that not only the microscopic forces but the hole system reacts to its evolution of its probability distribution in a holistic way. It also causes a collisionless dissipative term which however is small in the inverse particle number and thus negligible. However it contributes an entropic collisional dissipation term. The latter is defined via the particle correlations but lacks any singularities and thus is large scale. It allows also for the derivation of a kinetic equation for the entropy density in phase space. This turns out to be of same structure as the equation for the phase space density. The entropy density determines itself holistically via the integral entropy force thus providing a self-controlled evolution of entropy in phase space.
熵力是统计多粒子系统中无序不均匀性的集体效应。我们展示了它对一个特定天体物理对象——黑洞的可能影响。然后我们推导了包含熵力的大粒子系统的动力学方程。它为单粒子分布函数演化的克里蒙托维奇方程添加了一个集体的因而也是积分项。其积分特性在基本层面就将基本的单粒子动力学方程转化为一个积分 - 微分方程,表明不仅微观力,而且整个系统都以整体方式对其概率分布的演化做出反应。它还导致一个无碰撞耗散项,然而该项在粒子数倒数中很小,因此可忽略不计。不过它贡献了一个熵碰撞耗散项。后者通过粒子关联来定义,但没有任何奇点,因此是大规模的。它还允许推导相空间中熵密度的动力学方程。结果表明该方程与相空间密度方程具有相同的结构。熵密度通过积分熵力整体地决定自身,从而在相空间中提供了熵的自控制演化。