Volkova Liubov, Krisnawati Haruni, Adinugroho Wahyu C, Imanuddin Rinaldi, Qirom Muhammad A, Santosa Purwanto B, Halwany Wawan, Weston Christopher J
School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Creswick, Victoria 3363, Australia.
Forest Research and Development Center, Forestry and Environment Research, Development and Innovation Agency (FORDA), Jl. Gunung Batu No 5, Bogor 16610, Indonesia.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Apr 1;763:142933. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142933. Epub 2020 Oct 13.
Tropical peatlands are areas of high carbon density that are important in biosphere-atmosphere interactions. Drainage and burning of tropical peatlands releases about 5% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yet there is great uncertainty in these estimates. Our comprehensive literature review of parameters required to calculate GHG emissions from burnt peat forests, following the international guidelines, revealed many gaps in knowledge of carbon pools and few recent supporting studies. To improve future estimates of the total ecosystem carbon balance and peatfire emissions this study aimed to account for all carbon pools: aboveground, deadwood, pyrogenic carbon (PyC) and peat of single and repeatedly burnt peat forests. A further aim was to identify the minimum sampling intensity required to detect with 80% power significant differences in these carbon pools among long unburnt, recently burnt and repeatedly burnt peat swamp forests. About 90 Mg C ha remains aboveground as deadwood after a single fire and half of this remains after a second fire. One fire produces 4.5 ± 0.6 Mg C ha of PyC, with a second fire increasing this to 7.1 ± 0.8 Mg C ha. For peat swamp forests these aboveground carbon pools are rarely accounted in estimates of emissions following multiple fires, while PyC has not been included in the total peat carbon mass balance. Peat bulk density and peat carbon content change with fire frequency, yet these parameters often remain constant in the published emission estimates following a single and multiple fires. Our power analysis indicated that as few as 12 plots are required to detect meaningful differences between fire treatments for the major carbon pools. Further field studies directed at improving the parameters for calculating carbon balance of disturbed peat forest ecosystems are required to better constrain peatfire GHG emission estimates.
热带泥炭地是碳密度较高的区域，在生物圈与大气的相互作用中具有重要意义。热带泥炭地的排水和燃烧释放了约5%的全球温室气体排放，但这些估算存在很大的不确定性。我们按照国际指南对计算烧毁泥炭森林温室气体排放所需参数进行的全面文献综述表明，在碳库知识方面存在许多空白，且近期的支持性研究较少。为了改进对生态系统总碳平衡和泥炭火灾排放的未来估算，本研究旨在考虑所有碳库：单次和多次烧毁的泥炭森林的地上部分、枯木、热解碳（PyC）和泥炭。另一个目标是确定在长未燃烧、近期燃烧和多次燃烧的泥炭沼泽森林中，以80%的功效检测这些碳库之间显著差异所需的最小采样强度。单次火灾后约90 Mg C/ha的枯木留在地上，第二次火灾后这一数量的一半仍然留存。一次火灾产生4.5±0.6 Mg C/ha的PyC，第二次火灾后增加到7.1±0.8 Mg C/ha。对于泥炭沼泽森林，这些地上碳库在多次火灾后的排放估算中很少被考虑，而PyC尚未纳入泥炭总碳质量平衡中。泥炭容重和泥炭碳含量随火灾频率而变化，但在单次和多次火灾后的已发表排放估算中，这些参数通常保持不变。我们的功效分析表明，对于主要碳库，检测火灾处理之间有意义差异所需的样地数量低至12个。需要进一步开展实地研究以改进计算受干扰泥炭森林生态系统碳平衡的参数，从而更好地限制泥炭火灾温室气体排放估算。
