Forest Research and Development Center, Forestry and Environment Research, Development and Innovation Agency (FORDA), Jl. Gunung Batu No 5, Bogor, 16610, Indonesia.
The Sebangau National Park, Jl. Mahir Mahar Km 1.2 Palangka Raya, 73111, Indonesia.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jul 20;779:146365. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146365. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
Accurate assessment of tropical peat forest carbon stocks and impact of fires on carbon pools is required to determine the magnitude of emissions to the atmosphere and to support emissions reduction policies. We assessed total aboveground carbon (AGC) in biomass pools including trees, shrubs, deadwood, litter and char, and peat carbon to develop empirical estimates of peat swamp forest carbon stocks in response to fire and disturbance. In contrast to the common assumption that peat fires combust all AGC, we observed that about half of undisturbed forest AGC, equivalent to about 70 Mg C ha, remains after one or two recent fires - mainly in dead trees, woody debris and pyrogenic carbon. Both recently burnt and repeatedly burnt peat forests store similar amounts of carbon in the top 10 cm of peat when compared with undisturbed forests (70 Mg C ha), mainly due to increased peat bulk density after fires that compensates for their lower peat C%. The proportion of fuel mass consumed in fire, or combustion factor (CF), is required to make accurate estimates of peat fire emissions for both AGC and peat carbon. This study estimated a CF for AGC (CF) of 0.56, comparable to the default value of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This study estimated a varying CF for peat (CF) that ranged from 0.4 to 0.68 as depth of burn increased. This revised CF is one third to one half of the IPCC default value of 1.0. The current assumption of complete combustion of peat (CF = 1.0) is widely acknowledged in the literature as oversimplification and is not supported by our field observations or data. This study provides novel empirical data to improve estimates of peat forests carbon stocks and emissions from tropical peat fires.
准确评估热带泥炭林的碳储量以及火灾对碳库的影响，对于确定向大气排放的碳量以及支持减排政策至关重要。我们评估了包括树木、灌木、枯木、凋落物和炭在内的地上生物量碳（AGC）以及泥炭碳，以制定泥炭沼泽林在火灾和干扰条件下的碳储量的经验估算。与普遍认为泥炭火灾会燃烧所有 AGC 的假设相反，我们观察到，在一到两次最近的火灾后，大约一半的未受干扰森林 AGC，相当于约 70 Mg C ha-1，仍然存在，主要存在于枯树、木质碎屑和火成碳中。与未受干扰的森林相比（70 Mg C ha-1），最近燃烧和反复燃烧的泥炭林在泥炭顶部 10 cm 处储存的碳量相似，主要是由于火灾后泥炭密度增加，弥补了它们较低的泥炭 C%。为了准确估算 AGC 和泥炭碳的泥炭火灾排放量，需要燃料质量在火灾中消耗的比例或燃烧因子（CF）。本研究估计了 AGC 的 CF（CF）为 0.56，与政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）的默认值相当。本研究估计了随着燃烧深度的增加，CF 从 0.4 到 0.68 不等的可变 CF。这一修正后的 CF 是 IPCC 默认值 1.0 的三分之一到一半。当前文献中广泛认为泥炭完全燃烧（CF = 1.0）的假设被认为过于简单化，并且与我们的实地观测或数据不相符。本研究提供了新的经验数据，可用于改进对热带泥炭火灾泥炭林碳储量和排放的估算。
