Faculty of Resources and Environment, Baotou Teachers' College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China.
School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 3;10(1):21178. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-78145-0.
Biogeography is the study of where, when, and how modern species evolved and diversified. Acer L. (maple) is one of the most diverse and widespread genera in the Northern Hemisphere. It comprises 124-156 species in the world, approximately 80% species of Acer are native in Asia. The current diversity center of Acer is not congruent with the distribution of the oldest fossils of the genus. Therefore, we herein used 84 species and subspecies to reconstruct the phylogeny and investigate the biogeographic history of Acer using nuclear ITS and three cpDNA fragments (psbA-trnH spacer, rpl16 intron, and trnL-trnF spacer) with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The analyses showed that the current diversity center and the origin center of Acer is Asia. Additionally, the North American and Euro-Mediterranean species originated from multiple sources from Asia via the North Atlantic Land Bridge and the Bering Land Bridge, and intercontinental migration has mainly occurred since the Miocene. This study not only provides a novel insight of the origin and dispersal routes of Acer but also exemplifies how past climatic changes affect the diversification-rates of Northern Hemisphere forest trees.
生物地理学是研究现代物种何时、何地以及如何进化和多样化的学科。槭属（maple）是北半球分布最广、种类最多的属之一。全世界约有 124-156 种槭属植物，其中约 80%的物种原产于亚洲。槭属的现代多样性中心与该属最古老化石的分布不一致。因此，我们使用核 ITS 和三个 cpDNA 片段（psbA-trnH 间隔区、rpl16 内含子和 trnL-trnF 间隔区）对 84 种槭属植物的种和亚种进行了系统发育重建，并利用最大似然法、最大简约法和贝叶斯推断法对其生物地理历史进行了研究。分析表明，槭属的现代多样性中心和起源中心在亚洲。此外，北美的和欧洲-地中海的物种起源于亚洲的多个来源，通过北大西洋陆桥和白令陆桥扩散，洲际迁移主要发生在中新世以来。本研究不仅为槭属的起源和扩散途径提供了新的见解，也说明了过去气候变化如何影响北半球森林树木的多样化速度。
