Rashid Hafsa, Bakht Khush, Arslan Amna, Ahmad Amna
Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Pakistan Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, PAK.
Internal Medicine, Shalimar Medical College, Lahore, PAK.
Cureus. 2020 Oct 30;12(10):e11264. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11264.
Introduction Dysphagia is highly prevalent in patients with a history of recurrent acid peptic disease. Endoscopy is the mainstay of diagnostic workup of these patients to reach underlying cause and appropriate subsequent treatment. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of various types of endoscopic findings in patients with dysphagia and the association of these findings with gender, age and duration of symptoms. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Gastroenterology of a tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A total of 137 patients who presented with a history of dysphagia for at least two weeks were enrolled in the study. Duration of symptoms was noted, and all patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to find out the cause of dysphagia. Tissue biopsies were obtained, and further histopathological examination was performed to correlate the findings with symptoms of dysphagia. Results A total of 137 patients were enrolled for six months. The mean age of the patients was 56.9 ± 17.44 years, and the mean duration of symptoms was 15.96 ± 12.31 weeks. There were 65 (47.4%) males and 72 (52.6%) females in the study. Majority of them, 123 (89.8%), presented with a short duration of symptoms that varied between 2-24 weeks and were mainly middle-aged (31-60 years) and old-aged (61-80 years). The most commonly observed endoscopic findings were esophageal stricture in 25 (18.2%), achalasia cardia in 20 (14.6%), esophageal mass in 12 (8.8%) and reflux esophagitis in 7 (5%) patients. No association was seen between age, gender and duration of symptoms and findings on the endoscopy. Conclusion Dysphagia is associated with many endoscopic findings that are not related to demographic variables and must be evaluated earlier to reduce further morbidity and mortality.
引言
吞咽困难在有复发性酸相关性疾病病史的患者中非常普遍。内镜检查是这些患者诊断性检查的主要手段，以找出潜在病因并进行适当的后续治疗。本研究的目的是确定吞咽困难患者各种类型内镜检查结果的发生率，以及这些结果与性别、年龄和症状持续时间的关联。
方法
这项横断面研究在巴基斯坦拉瓦尔品第一家三级护理医院的胃肠病科进行。共有137例有至少两周吞咽困难病史的患者纳入研究。记录症状持续时间，所有患者均接受上消化道内镜检查以找出吞咽困难的原因。获取组织活检样本，并进行进一步的组织病理学检查，以将检查结果与吞咽困难症状相关联。
结果
共有137例患者纳入研究，为期6个月。患者的平均年龄为56.9±17.44岁，症状的平均持续时间为15.96±12.31周。研究中有65例（47.4%）男性和72例（52.6%）女性。其中大多数患者，即123例（89.8%），症状持续时间较短，在2至24周之间，主要为中年（31至60岁）和老年（61至80岁）。最常见的内镜检查结果是食管狭窄25例（18.2%）、贲门失弛缓症20例（14.6%）、食管肿物12例（8.8%）和反流性食管炎7例（5%）。内镜检查结果与年龄、性别和症状持续时间之间未发现关联。
结论
吞咽困难与许多内镜检查结果相关，这些结果与人口统计学变量无关，必须尽早进行评估以降低进一步的发病率和死亡率。
