IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy.
IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy.
Trends Immunol. 2021 Jan;42(1):18-30. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2020.11.002. Epub 2020 Nov 13.
Severe infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 is characterized by massive cytokine release and T cell loss. The exaggerated host immune response, incapable of viral clearance, instead aggravates respiratory distress, as well as cardiac, and/or damage to other organs. The mortality pattern of SARS-CoV-2 infection, higher in older versus younger adults and almost absent in children, is possibly caused by the effects of age and pre-existing comorbidities on innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we speculate that the abnormal and excessive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection partly depends on T cell immunological memory, which is more pronounced in adults compared with children, and may significantly contribute to immunopathology and massive collateral damage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的严重感染以大量细胞因子释放和 T 细胞丧失为特征。过度的宿主免疫反应无法清除病毒，反而会加重呼吸窘迫，以及心脏和/或其他器官的损伤。SARS-CoV-2 感染的死亡模式在老年人中高于年轻人，在儿童中几乎不存在，这可能是由年龄和预先存在的合并症对先天和适应性免疫的影响造成的。在这里，我们推测对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的异常和过度免疫反应部分取决于 T 细胞免疫记忆，与儿童相比，成人的 T 细胞免疫记忆更为明显，这可能是导致 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）患者免疫病理学和大量并发症的重要原因。
