Department of Orthopedics Surgery. Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Madrid, Spain; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
Ann Anat. 2021 Mar;234:151654. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151654. Epub 2020 Dec 2.
The frequency of appearance of anatomical variability in the terminal division of the popliteal artery (PA) is different according to the type of sample used, and ranges from 2% to 21%. The PA locates 1,01 cm behind to the lateral meniscus, which makes it vulnerable during surgical procedures. Iatrogenic injury of the PA or its terminal branches increases if anatomical variables are present. Our aim was to describe and review the branching pattern of the PA in a body-donors to science sample to determine the influence of the sample used (body-donors vs imaging test).
A sample consisting of 260 popliteal regions, corresponding to 130 corpses (66 women, 64 men), have been dissected. Multivariate analysis was carried out.
The terminal division of the PA was classified as follows: Pattern 1: the PA divided into the anterior tibial (ATA) and the posterior tibial arteries (PTA) at the level or distal to the lower border of the popliteal muscle (PM) (94.7%). Pattern 2: the PA bifurcated into the ATA and PTA, proximal to the lower border of the PM (3.3%). Pattern 3: the PA divided at the same level into the ATA, PTA and PEA. (2%). No significant differences between gender and side of the limb could be find.
We propose a classification that encloses three identifiable groups only. This will allow clinicians to bear in mind these variables easily, at the same time avoiding injuries during surgical procedures such as lateral meniscus repair.
腘动脉（PA）终末分支的解剖变异出现频率因样本类型而异，范围为 2%至 21%。PA 位于外半月板后 1.01 厘米处，这使其在手术过程中容易受到损伤。如果存在解剖学变异，PA 或其终末分支的医源性损伤会增加。我们的目的是描述和回顾科学样本中 PA 的分支模式，以确定使用的样本（尸体供体与影像检查）的影响。
对 260 个腘区（对应 130 具尸体，其中 66 名女性，64 名男性）进行解剖。进行了多变量分析。
PA 的终末分支分为以下三种类型：1 型：PA 在腓肠肌（PM）下缘水平或下方分为胫前动脉（ATA）和胫后动脉（PTA）（94.7%）。2 型：PA 在 PM 下缘近端分为 ATA 和 PTA（3.3%）。3 型：PA 在同一水平分为 ATA、PTA 和腓动脉（PEA）（2%）。性别和肢体侧之间无显著差异。
我们提出了一种分类方法，仅包含三个可识别的组别。这将使临床医生更容易记住这些变量，同时避免在外侧半月板修复等手术过程中造成损伤。
