Alfaidy Nadia, Brouillet Sophie, Rajaraman Gayathri, Kalionis Bill, Hoffmann Pascale, Barjat Tiphaine, Benharouga Mohamed, Murthi Padma
Unité 1036, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France.
Department of Biology, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
Front Physiol. 2020 Nov 12;11:591850. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.591850. eCollection 2020.
Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are key processes of placental development, which occur throughout pregnancy. Placental vasculogenesis occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy culminating in the formation of hemangioblasts from intra-villous stem cells. Placental angiogenesis occurs subsequently, forming new blood vessels from existing ones. Angiogenesis also takes place at the fetomaternal interface, allowing essential spiral arteriole remodeling to establish the fetomaternal circulation. Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in animal models and in humans have been studied in a wide variety of , physiological and pathological conditions, with a focus on the pro- and anti-angiogenic factors that control these processes. Recent studies revealed roles for new families of proteins, including direct participants such as the prokineticin family, and regulators of these processes such as the homeobox genes. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of actions of these families of proteins. Over the past decade, evidence suggests increased production of placental anti-angiogenic factors, as well as angiogenic factors are associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preeclampsia (PE): the most threatening pathologies of human pregnancy with systemic vascular dysfunction. This review also reports novel clinical strategies targeting members of these family of proteins to treat PE and its consequent effects on the maternal vascular system.
血管生成和血管新生是胎盘发育的关键过程，贯穿整个孕期。胎盘血管生成发生在妊娠的前三个月，最终由绒毛内干细胞形成成血管细胞。随后发生胎盘血管新生，从现有的血管形成新的血管。血管新生也发生在母胎界面，使必需的螺旋小动脉重塑得以建立母胎循环。动物模型和人类的血管生成和血管新生已在各种各样的生理和病理条件下进行了研究，重点是控制这些过程的促血管生成和抗血管生成因子。最近的研究揭示了新的蛋白质家族的作用，包括直接参与者如促动力蛋白家族，以及这些过程的调节因子如同源框基因。本综述总结了在理解这些蛋白质家族作用分子机制方面的最新进展。在过去十年中，有证据表明胎盘抗血管生成因子以及血管生成因子的产生增加与胎儿生长受限（FGR）和子痫前期（PE）有关：这是人类妊娠中最具威胁性的伴有全身血管功能障碍的病症。本综述还报告了针对这些蛋白质家族成员的新型临床策略，以治疗子痫前期及其对母体血管系统的后续影响。
