主谋:一个用于实证证据整理和基因变异解读的综合基因组关联搜索引擎。

Mastermind: A Comprehensive Genomic Association Search Engine for Empirical Evidence Curation and Genetic Variant Interpretation.

作者信息

Chunn Lauren M, Nefcy Diane C, Scouten Rachel W, Tarpey Ryan P, Chauhan Gurinder, Lim Megan S, Elenitoba-Johnson Kojo S J, Schwartz Steven A, Kiel Mark J

机构信息

Genomenon Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, United States.

The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States.

出版信息

Front Genet. 2020 Nov 13;11:577152. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2020.577152. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

Design and interpretation of genome sequencing assays in clinical diagnostics and research labs is complicated by an inability to identify information from the medical literature and related databases quickly, comprehensively and reproducibly. This challenge is compounded by the complexity and heterogeneity of nomenclatures used to describe diseases, genes and genetic variants. Mastermind is a widely-used bioinformatic platform of genomic associations that has indexed more than 7.5 M full-text articles and 2.5 M supplemental datasets. It has automatically identified, disambiguated and annotated >6.1 M genetic variants and identified >50 K disease-gene associations. Here, we describe how Mastermind improves the sensitivity and reproducibility of clinical variant interpretation and produces comprehensive genomic landscapes of genetic variants driving pharmaceutical research. We demonstrate an alarmingly high degree of heterogeneity across commercially available panels for hereditary cancer that is resolved by evidence from Mastermind. We further examined the sensitivity of Mastermind for variant interpretation by examining 108 clinically-encountered variants and comparing the results to alternate methods. Mastermind demonstrated a sensitivity of 98.4% compared to 4.4, 45.6, and 37.4% for alternatives PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinVar, respectively, and a specificity of 98.5% compared to 45.1, 57.6, and 68.8% as well as an increase in content yield of 22.6-, 2.2-, and 2.6-fold. When curated for clinical significance, Mastermind identified more than 4.9-fold more pathogenic variants than ClinVar for representative genes. For structural variants, we compared Mastermind's ability to sensitively identify evidence for 10 representative disease-causing CNVs versus results identified in PubMed, as well as its ability to identify evidence for fusion events compared to COSMIC. Mastermind demonstrated a 4.0- to 43.9-fold increase in references for specific CNVs compared to PubMed, as well as 5.4-fold more fusion genes when compared with COSMIC's curated database. Additionally, Mastermind produced an 8.0-fold increase in reference citations for fusion events common to Mastermind and outside databases. Taken together, these results demonstrate the utility and superiority of Mastermind in terms of both sensitivity and specificity of automated results for clinical diagnostic variant interpretation for multiple genetic variant types and highlight the potential benefit in informing pharmaceutical research.

摘要

在临床诊断和研究实验室中,由于无法快速、全面且可重复地从医学文献和相关数据库中识别信息,基因组测序检测的设计和解读变得复杂。用于描述疾病、基因和基因变异的命名法的复杂性和异质性,使这一挑战更加严峻。Mastermind是一个广泛使用的基因组关联生物信息平台,已索引超过750万篇全文文章和250万个补充数据集。它已自动识别、消除歧义并注释了超过610万个基因变异,并识别出超过5万个疾病-基因关联。在这里,我们描述了Mastermind如何提高临床变异解读的敏感性和可重复性,并生成推动药物研究的基因变异的全面基因组图谱。我们展示了市售遗传性癌症检测板之间存在惊人的高度异质性,而Mastermind的证据解决了这一问题。我们通过检查108个临床遇到的变异,并将结果与其他方法进行比较,进一步研究了Mastermind对变异解读的敏感性。与替代方法PubMed、Google Scholar和ClinVar相比,Mastermind的敏感性分别为98.4%,而替代方法的敏感性分别为4.4%、45.6%和37.4%;特异性分别为98.5%,而替代方法的特异性分别为45.1%、57.6%和68.8%,内容产量分别提高了22.6倍、2.2倍和2.6倍。当针对临床意义进行整理时,Mastermind识别出的代表性基因的致病变异比ClinVar多4.9倍以上。对于结构变异,我们比较了Mastermind敏感识别1十条代表性致病CNV证据的能力与PubMed中识别的结果,以及与COSMIC相比其识别融合事件证据的能力。与PubMed相比,Mastermind展示了特定CNV的参考文献增加了4倍至4一3.9倍,与COSMIC的整理数据库相比,融合基因增加了5.4倍。此外,Mastermind对于Mastermind和外部数据库共有的融合事件,参考文献引用增加了8.0倍。综上所述,这些结果证明了Mastermind在多种基因变异类型的临床诊断变异解读自动结果的敏感性和特异性方面的实用性和优越性,并突出了其在为药物研究提供信息方面的潜在益处。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/be2c/7691534/4293a4a6f314/fgene-11-577152-g001.jpg

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