[Psychosomatic medicine in the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) - research questions, measurement instruments, selected results].

Main questions from the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) related to psychosomatic medicine are presented: (1) Prevalence and incidence of mental illnesses, (2) Sex-specific risk- and protective factors for mental health, (3) Interplay between psychological and somatic diseases and (4) methodical-psychometric developments. The GHS is an ongoing, prospective and interdisciplinary cohort study in Mainz. The comprehensive examinations include psychological characteristics and clinical and laboratory tests. 15010 respondents were selected in the baseline study from 2007 until 2012 and re-examined after 2.5 years and 5 years. Of the first 5000 respondents in the baseline study 413 women (8.7 %) and 276 men (5.8 %) indicated depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 > = 10). After five years, half of the participants with depressive symptoms at baseline also indicated depressive symptoms five years later. Risk factors for men were a lack of social support, for women smoking and Type D personality. The proportion of new cases of depression at follow-up was 4.4 %. Risk factors were symptoms of anxiety, Type D, smoking and comorbid cancer. Protective were age and social support. Findings on the association of physical and mental disorders and their behavioral and biological links (atherosclerosis, inflammation) are presented. Prospective assessment of biological, psychological and social parameters offers the possibility to study their interplay in the development of mental and somatic illnesses.