Ciji Alexander, Akhtar M S, Tripathi Priyanka H, Pandey Anupam, Rajesh Manchi, Kamalam Biju Sam
ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India.
ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2021 Feb;109:34-40. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.031. Epub 2020 Dec 4.
A 70-day experiment was carried out to assess the effect of different levels (0, 1 and 2%) of soy lecithin in the diet on growth, survival, antioxidant defense markers, immune gene expression and thermal tolerance limits of golden mahseer, Tor putitora fry. Percentage weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR %) and survival of mahseer fed lecithin supplemented diets were not significantly different from those of the control group. Also, the mRNA expression levels of different immune related genes such as tnfα, il-1β, il-10, complement-3, interferon-gamma (ifnγ) and tlr4 were unaffected by dietary lecithin supplementation. Nevertheless, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly greater in the lecithin-fed groups than the control fish. The glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was exceptionally high in the 2% lecithin supplemented group compared to the rest two groups. This increase in antioxidant status with dietary lecithin supplementation, however, was not reflected in the whole body malonaldehyde (MDA) levels, as it did not vary significantly among the dietary groups. Importantly, dietary inclusion of soy lecithin significantly increased upper thermal tolerance limits as evidenced by higher CT and LT values. Likewise, golden mahseer fry fed with lecithin supplemented diets (both 1 and 2%) registered significantly lower critical and lethal thermal minimum (CT and LT) values than the control group, indicating higher cold tolerance capacity. Our results thus demonstrate that the dietary inclusion of soy lecithin could enhance the upper and lower thermal tolerance limits and antioxidant status of golden mahseer fry and failed to enhance immune related gene expression.
进行了一项为期70天的实验，以评估饲料中不同水平（0%、1%和2%）的大豆卵磷脂对金氏野鲮（Tor putitora）幼鱼生长、存活、抗氧化防御指标、免疫基因表达和热耐受极限的影响。喂食添加卵磷脂饲料的野鲮的体重增加百分比、特定生长率（SGR%）和存活率与对照组相比无显著差异。此外，不同免疫相关基因如肿瘤坏死因子α（tnfα）、白细胞介素-1β（il-1β）、白细胞介素-10（il-10）、补体-3、干扰素-γ（ifnγ）和Toll样受体4（tlr4）的mRNA表达水平不受饲料中添加卵磷脂的影响。然而，喂食卵磷脂的组中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著高于对照鱼。与其他两组相比，添加2%卵磷脂的组中谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）活性异常高。然而，饲料中添加卵磷脂后抗氧化状态的这种增加并未反映在全身丙二醛（MDA）水平上，因为各饲料组之间MDA水平没有显著差异。重要的是，饲料中添加大豆卵磷脂显著提高了热耐受上限，较高的CT和LT值证明了这一点。同样，喂食添加卵磷脂饲料（1%和2%）的金氏野鲮幼鱼的临界和致死热最小值（CT和LT）显著低于对照组，表明其耐寒能力更强。因此，我们的结果表明，饲料中添加大豆卵磷脂可以提高金氏野鲮幼鱼的热耐受上限和下限以及抗氧化状态，但未能增强免疫相关基因的表达。
