Naderi Mehdi
Technical Data Analysis Inc., Falls Church, VA 22042, USA.
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
Entropy (Basel). 2020 Mar 24;22(3):372. doi: 10.3390/e22030372.
In this review paper, the evidence and application of thermodynamic self-organization are reviewed for metals typically with single crystals subjected to cyclic loading. The theory of self-organization in thermodynamic processes far from equilibrium is a cutting-edge theme for the development of a new generation of materials. It could be interpreted as the formation of globally coherent patterns, configurations and orderliness through local interactivities by "cascade evolution of dissipative structures". Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, entropy, and dissipative structures connected to self-organization phenomenon (patterning, orderliness) are briefly discussed. Some example evidences are reviewed in detail to show how thermodynamics self-organization can emerge from a non-equilibrium process; fatigue. Evidences including dislocation density evolution, stored energy, temperature, and acoustic signals can be considered as the signature of self-organization. Most of the attention is given to relate an analogy between persistent slip bands (PSBs) and self-organization in metals with single crystals. Some aspects of the stability of dislocations during fatigue of single crystals are discussed using the formulation of excess entropy generation.
在这篇综述论文中，我们回顾了热力学自组织在通常承受循环载荷的单晶金属中的证据及应用。远离平衡态的热力学过程中的自组织理论是新一代材料发展的前沿主题。它可以被解释为通过“耗散结构的级联演化”，经由局部相互作用形成全局相干的模式、构型和有序性。本文简要讨论了与自组织现象（图案化、有序性）相关的非平衡热力学、熵和耗散结构。详细回顾了一些示例证据，以展示热力学自组织如何从非平衡过程——疲劳中出现。包括位错密度演化、储能、温度和声信号在内的证据可被视为自组织的特征。大部分注意力集中在将单晶金属中的持久滑移带（PSB）与自组织进行类比。利用过剩熵产生的公式讨论了单晶疲劳过程中位错稳定性的一些方面。
