Wieczorek Klaudia, Szutkowska Barbara, Kierzek Elzbieta
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
Pathogens. 2020 Dec 3;9(12):1020. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9121020.
Influenza virus has the potential for being one of the deadliest viruses, as we know from the pandemic's history. The influenza virus, with a constantly mutating genome, is becoming resistant to existing antiviral drugs and vaccines. For that reason, there is an urgent need for developing new therapeutics and therapies. Despite the fact that a new generation of universal vaccines or anti-influenza drugs are being developed, the perfect remedy has still not been found. In this review, various strategies for using nanoparticles (NPs) to defeat influenza virus infections are presented. Several categories of NP applications are highlighted: NPs as immuno-inducing vaccines, NPs used in gene silencing approaches, bare NPs influencing influenza virus life cycle and the use of NPs for drug delivery. This rapidly growing field of anti-influenza methods based on nanotechnology is very promising. Although profound research must be conducted to fully understand and control the potential side effects of the new generation of antivirals, the presented and discussed studies show that nanotechnology methods can effectively induce the immune responses or inhibit influenza virus activity both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, with its variety of modification possibilities, nanotechnology has great potential for applications and may be helpful not only in anti-influenza but also in the general antiviral approaches.
从大流行的历史中我们知道，流感病毒有可能成为最致命的病毒之一。流感病毒的基因组不断变异，正在对现有的抗病毒药物和疫苗产生耐药性。因此，迫切需要开发新的治疗方法。尽管新一代通用疫苗或抗流感药物正在研发中，但仍未找到完美的解决方案。在这篇综述中，介绍了使用纳米颗粒（NPs）对抗流感病毒感染的各种策略。重点介绍了几类纳米颗粒的应用：作为免疫诱导疫苗的纳米颗粒、用于基因沉默方法的纳米颗粒、影响流感病毒生命周期的裸纳米颗粒以及用于药物递送的纳米颗粒。这个基于纳米技术的抗流感方法快速发展的领域非常有前景。尽管必须进行深入研究以充分理解和控制新一代抗病毒药物的潜在副作用，但已发表和讨论的研究表明，纳米技术方法在体外和体内都能有效诱导免疫反应或抑制流感病毒活性。此外，由于其具有多种修饰可能性，纳米技术具有巨大的应用潜力，不仅可能有助于抗流感，还可能有助于一般的抗病毒方法。
