National Institute for Medical Research, Tabora Research Centre, Tabora, Tanzania.
SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020 Dec 7;9(1):194. doi: 10.1186/s13756-020-00862-y.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the biggest threats to health globally. This cross-sectional study determined knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR among communities of Ilala, Kilosa and Kibaha in Tanzania.
A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and KAP data through face-to-face interviews. Responses related to the triad of KAP were assigned scores that were aggregated for each participant. Linear regression analysis was conducted to determine predictors of KAP scores.
The study enrolled 828 participants from the three districts. A total of 816 (98.6%) were aware of antimicrobials, and 808 (99%, n = 816) reported to have used them. Antimicrobials were mainly used to treat cough (68.0%), urinary tract infections (53.4%), diarrhoea (48.5%) and wounds (45.2%). The most frequent sources of antimicrobials were health facility (65.0%, n = 820) and pharmacies/basic drug shops (53.7%). The median AMU knowledge score was 5 (IQR = 4, 7) and that of AMR was 26 (IQR=23, 29). The median AMU attitudes score was 32 (IQR: 29, 35) and that of AMR was 19 (IQR=17, 22). The median AMU practice score was 3 (IQR: 3, 3). The KAP scores were significantly influenced by increased participant's age (β=0.10; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.15) and level of education, being lower among those with primary education (β=5.32; 95% CI: 3.27, 7.37) and highest among those with college/university education (β=9.85; 95% CI: 6.04, 13.67).
The study documented a moderate level of KAP regarding AMU and AMR in the study districts. The participant's age and level of education were significantly associated with participant's KAP scores. The observed inadequate knowledge, inappropriate attitude, and practices of AMU and AMR should be considered as alarming problems that require immediate actions including policy formulation and planning of community-based mitigation measures.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是全球健康面临的最大威胁之一。本横断面研究旨在确定坦桑尼亚伊拉拉、基利沙和基巴哈三个地区社区对抗菌药物使用（AMU）和 AMR 的知识、态度和实践（KAP）。
采用半结构式问卷，通过面对面访谈收集社会人口学和 KAP 数据。与 KAP 三联体相关的回答被分配了分数，这些分数被汇总给每个参与者。进行线性回归分析以确定 KAP 分数的预测因素。
该研究在三个地区共招募了 828 名参与者。共有 816 人（98.6%）知道抗菌药物，808 人（99%，n=816）报告使用过抗菌药物。抗菌药物主要用于治疗咳嗽（68.0%）、尿路感染（53.4%）、腹泻（48.5%）和伤口（45.2%）。抗菌药物的最常见来源是医疗机构（65.0%，n=820）和药店/基本药物商店（53.7%）。AMU 知识评分中位数为 5（IQR=4，7），AMR 评分中位数为 26（IQR=23，29）。AMU 态度评分中位数为 32（IQR=29，35），AMR 评分中位数为 19（IQR=17，22）。AMU 实践评分中位数为 3（IQR=3，3）。KAP 评分受参与者年龄增加的显著影响（β=0.10；95%CI：0.05，0.15）和教育水平，受初等教育参与者的评分较低（β=5.32；95%CI：3.27，7.37），受大学/大学教育参与者的评分最高（β=9.85；95%CI：6.04，13.67）。
该研究记录了研究地区关于 AMU 和 AMR 的中等水平的 KAP。参与者的年龄和教育水平与参与者的 KAP 评分显著相关。观察到的知识不足、态度不当以及 AMU 和 AMR 的实践应被视为令人担忧的问题，需要立即采取行动，包括制定政策和规划基于社区的缓解措施。
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