Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
J Comp Pathol. 2020 Nov;181:86-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.10.006. Epub 2020 Nov 23.
It is now increasingly recognized that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is caused by the accumulation of overproduced or misfolded proteins in this organelle, contributes to the pathogenesis of a diverse range of human diseases. ER stress initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR) in an attempt to restore cellular protein homeostasis and promote cell survival. However, when ER stress is severe or protracted, and uncompensated, the UPR can fail, resulting in cell death, often by apoptosis. ER stress has received relatively little attention in the veterinary literature and the intent of this mini review is to describe the essential features of ER stress and UPR in determining the survival or demise of an affected cell and encourage further study of its role in the pathogenesis of diseases of domestic animal species. The role of ER stress, particularly when chronic and unrelieved, in the pathogenesis of a number of specific diseases is also discussed.
现在越来越多的人认识到，内质网（ER）应激是由于该细胞器中过度产生或错误折叠的蛋白质积累引起的，它有助于多种人类疾病的发病机制。ER 应激会引发未折叠蛋白反应（UPR），试图恢复细胞内蛋白质的平衡并促进细胞存活。然而，当 ER 应激严重或持续存在且无法代偿时，UPR 可能会失败，导致细胞死亡，通常是通过细胞凋亡。在兽医文献中，ER 应激受到的关注相对较少，本文的目的是描述 ER 应激和 UPR 的基本特征，以确定受影响细胞的存活或死亡，并鼓励进一步研究其在宠物物种疾病发病机制中的作用。本文还讨论了 ER 应激在许多特定疾病发病机制中的作用，特别是在慢性和持续存在时的作用。
