Hanis Zainal Abidin Nur Waliyuddin, Mohd Nor Norazmi, Sundararajulu Panneerchelvam, Zafarina Zainuddin
Human Identification/DNA Unit, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM, Penang, Malaysia.
Am J Hum Biol. 2020 Dec 1:e23545. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23545.
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes with high polymorphism at genotypic levels are important in providing immune defense and have been expanded towards human population genetics. The aim of this study is to provide supporting information from this new biomarker to strengthen the comprehension of genetic history of the complex Malay population.
KIR genotyping for 213 unadmixed Malay individuals from six subethnic groups (Acheh, Bugis, Champa, Mandailing, Minang and Kedah) was carried out using PCR-SSP (sequence specific primers) method in 16 independent reactions.
The most frequent KIR genotype observed is AA1, followed by AB4 and AB5. Five genotypes; AA1, AB4, AB5, AB7 and AB8 were shared among all Malay subethnic groups. The highest frequency of KIR haplotype A was observed in Minang Malays, whereas Acheh and Kedah Malays carry a balanced distribution of A and B KIR haplotypes. PCA for the KIR genes clearly illustrated six ethnogeographical population clusters; Africans, Amerindian, Northeast Asian, South Asian, Oceania and Southeast Asian populations. All six Malay subethnic groups fell within the Southeast Asian cluster.
The complex array of KIR genotypes observed in the Malays indicates their historical interactions with various populations, especially with the Chinese, Indians and Orang Asli. This study has demonstrated the potential of KIR genes as a genetic marker for deducing population structure and genetic relationship between populations.
杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体（KIR）基因在基因型水平上具有高度多态性，在提供免疫防御方面很重要，并且已扩展到人类群体遗传学领域。本研究的目的是从这一新的生物标志物提供支持信息，以加强对复杂的马来人群体遗传历史的理解。
使用PCR-SSP（序列特异性引物）方法，在16个独立反应中对来自六个亚族群（亚齐、布吉斯、占碑、曼代林、米南加保和吉打）的213名未混合的马来个体进行KIR基因分型。
观察到最常见的KIR基因型是AA1，其次是AB4和AB5。五种基因型；AA1、AB4、AB5、AB7和AB8在所有马来亚族群中都有出现。在米南加保马来人中观察到KIR单倍型A的频率最高，而亚齐和吉打马来人携带A和B KIR单倍型的分布较为均衡。KIR基因的主成分分析清楚地显示了六个民族地理群体聚类；非洲人、美洲印第安人、东北亚人、南亚人、大洋洲人和东南亚人群体。所有六个马来亚族群都属于东南亚聚类。
在马来人中观察到的复杂的KIR基因型阵列表明他们与不同人群，特别是与中国人、印度人和原住民之间的历史互动。本研究证明了KIR基因作为推断群体结构和群体间遗传关系的遗传标记的潜力。
