Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biomimetic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
J Mater Chem B. 2021 Jan 28;9(3):567-584. doi: 10.1039/d0tb01605e.
During nervous system development, an extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role through surface topography and microenvironment signals in neurons and neurites maturation. Topography and microenvironment signals act as physical and chemical guiding cues, respectively, for neural tissue formation and reconstruction. Imposed surface topography can affect neural stem cells by promoting adhesion, spreading, alignment, morphological changes, and specific gene expression. Therefore, fabrication of a biomimetic construct or scaffold to support neurite outgrowth and axon extension is a crucial and common strategy for neural tissue regeneration. Here, we review recent developments in biomaterials modification for simulating the microenvironment to promote neural cell adhesion and growth. The subtopics include those of potential cellular mechanisms of topographical response, topography on cellular organization and function, contact guidance in neurite outgrowth and axon growth, ECM microenvironment as regulatory cues, as well as challenges and future perspectives of nerve conduits that are now in clinical trials and usage.
在神经系统发育过程中，细胞外基质（ECM）通过表面形貌和微环境信号在神经元和突起成熟中起着关键作用。形貌和微环境信号分别作为物理和化学导向线索，用于神经组织的形成和重建。施加的表面形貌可以通过促进细胞黏附、铺展、对齐、形态变化和特定基因表达来影响神经干细胞。因此，制造仿生构建体或支架来支持突起生长和轴突延伸是神经组织再生的关键和常用策略。在这里，我们综述了最近在模拟微环境以促进神经细胞黏附和生长的生物材料改性方面的进展。子主题包括形貌响应的潜在细胞机制、形貌对细胞组织和功能的影响、突起生长和轴突生长中的接触导向、细胞外基质微环境作为调节线索，以及目前正在临床试验和应用中的神经导管的挑战和未来展望。
