The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney 2050, Australia.
Viruses. 2020 Dec 6;12(12):1402. doi: 10.3390/v12121402.
Changes over time in HIV-1 subtype diversity within a population reflect changes in factors influencing the development of local epidemics. Here we report on the genetic diversity of 2364 reverse transcriptase sequences from people living with HIV-1 in New South Wales (NSW) notified between 2004 and 2018. These data represent >70% of all new HIV-1 notifications in the state over this period. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to identify subtype-specific transmission clusters. Subtype B and non-B infections differed across all demographics analysed ( < 0.001). We found a strong positive association for infections among females, individuals not born in Australia or reporting heterosexual transmission being of non-B origin. Further, we found an overall increase in non-B infections among men who have sex with men from 50 to 79% in the last 10 years. However, we also found differences between non-B subtypes; heterosexual transmission was positively associated with subtype C only. In addition, the majority of subtype B infections were associated with clusters, while the majority of non-B infections were singletons. However, we found seven non-B clusters (≥5 sequences) indicative of local ongoing transmission. In conclusion, we present how the HIV-1 epidemic has changed over time in NSW, becoming more heterogeneous with distinct subtype-specific demographic associations.
随着时间的推移，人群中 HIV-1 亚型多样性的变化反映了影响当地流行发展的因素的变化。在这里，我们报告了 2004 年至 2018 年间在新南威尔士州（NSW）通知的 2364 例 HIV-1 感染者的逆转录酶序列的遗传多样性。这些数据代表了该州在此期间所有新的 HIV-1 通知的>70%。进行了系统发育分析以确定亚型特异性传播簇。亚型 B 和非 B 感染在所有分析的人群特征中均存在差异（<0.001）。我们发现女性感染者、非澳大利亚出生或报告异性传播的感染者以及非 B 型起源的感染者之间存在强烈的正相关关系。此外，我们发现过去 10 年中，男男性行为者中的非 B 型感染总体上从 50%增加到 79%。然而，我们也发现了非 B 亚型之间的差异；只有 C 型与异性传播呈正相关。此外，大多数亚型 B 感染与集群相关，而大多数非 B 感染则是单例。然而，我们发现了七个非 B 型集群（≥5 个序列），表明当地正在发生传播。总之，我们介绍了 HIV-1 流行在 NSW 是如何随着时间的推移而变化的，变得更加多样化，具有不同的亚型特异性人口统计学关联。
