Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Ahi Evran, Kirsehir 40200, Turkey.
Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic.
Genes (Basel). 2020 Dec 6;11(12):1462. doi: 10.3390/genes11121462.
Salmonids are extremely important economically and scientifically; therefore, dynamic developments in their research have occurred and will continue occurring in the future. At the same time, their complex phylogeny and taxonomy are challenging for traditional approaches in research. Here, we first provide discoveries regarding the hitherto completely unknown cytogenetic characteristics of the Anatolian endemic flathead trout, , and summarize the presently known, albeit highly complicated, situation in the genus . Secondly, by outlining future directions of salmonid cytogenomics, we have produced a prototypical virtual karyotype of , the closest relative of . This production is now possible thanks to the high-quality genome assembled to the chromosome level in via soft-masking, including a direct labelling of repetitive sequences along the chromosome sequence. Repetitive sequences were crucial for traditional fish cytogenetics and hence should also be utilized in fish cytogenomics. As such virtual karyotypes become increasingly available in the very near future, it is necessary to integrate both present and future approaches to maximize their respective benefits. Finally, we show how the presumably repetitive sequences in salmonids can change the understanding of the overall relationship between genome size and G+C content, creating another outstanding question in salmonid cytogenomics waiting to be resolved.
鲑鱼在经济和科学上都非常重要；因此，鲑鱼的研究在不断发展，并将在未来继续发展。与此同时，它们复杂的系统发育和分类学对传统的研究方法提出了挑战。在这里，我们首先提供了有关安纳托利亚特有扁头雅罗鱼迄今为止完全未知的细胞遗传学特征的发现，并总结了目前已知的、尽管非常复杂的属的情况。其次，通过概述鲑鱼细胞遗传学的未来方向，我们制作了一个的原型虚拟核型，这是最接近的近亲。由于通过软屏蔽在水平上组装了高质量的基因组，包括沿着染色体序列直接标记重复序列，这一成果现在成为可能。重复序列对传统的鱼类细胞遗传学至关重要，因此也应该在鱼类细胞遗传学中得到利用。随着越来越多的虚拟核型在不久的将来可用，有必要整合目前和未来的方法，以最大限度地发挥它们各自的优势。最后，我们展示了鲑鱼中的重复序列如何改变对基因组大小和 GC 含量之间整体关系的理解，为鲑鱼细胞遗传学中有待解决的另一个突出问题创造了条件。
