Spickett A M
Veterinary Research Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1987 Sep;54(3):535-9.
Socio-economic factors and environmental considerations have increasingly encouraged the search for methods of tick control other than acaricidal treatment. Biological control management regimes have, so far, not proved to be sound replacements for acaricides. The major natural control methods employed successfully at present are host resistance and pasture management. The former has been extensively studied and utilized in a one-host-tick situation, and its potential specificity for the Amblyomma species is discussed. Pasture management in the form of tick-resistant plants and habitat modification affecting vector ecology and viability is discussed, as is host availability. Parasites and predators affecting tick populations are gleaned over with the accent on predacious birds (Buphagus species) which may play a limited role in integrated control programmes. Reference is made to the possibilities of genetic manipulation, problems accompanying the implementation of sterile male techniques, and hybrid sterility. In conclusion, a plea is made to ensure a thorough understanding of target vector ecology before any control measures are employed. This should be preferably from an integrated point of view rather than from a standpoint of unilateral reliance.
社会经济因素和环境考量越来越多地促使人们寻找除杀螨剂处理之外的蜱虫控制方法。到目前为止，生物控制管理制度尚未被证明是杀螨剂的可靠替代品。目前成功采用的主要自然控制方法是宿主抗性和牧场管理。前者已在单宿主蜱虫的情况下得到广泛研究和应用，并讨论了其对钝缘蜱属物种的潜在特异性。文中讨论了以抗蜱植物和影响病媒生态及生存能力的栖息地改造形式进行的牧场管理，以及宿主可得性。文中还收集了影响蜱虫种群的寄生虫和捕食者的相关信息，重点介绍了食蜱鸟类（牛椋鸟属物种），它们在综合控制计划中可能发挥有限作用。文中提到了基因操作的可能性、实施不育雄性技术所伴随的问题以及杂种不育。总之，呼吁在采取任何控制措施之前，确保对目标病媒生态有透彻的了解。这最好从综合的角度出发，而不是单方面依赖的角度。
