Pan Yani, Paschoalino Waldemir J, Szuchmacher Blum Amy, Mauzeroll Janine
Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke West, Montreal H3 A 0B8, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
ChemSusChem. 2021 Feb 5;14(3):758-791. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202002532. Epub 2020 Dec 22.
Developing metallic nanocatalysts with high reaction activity, selectivity and practical durability is a promising and active subfield in electrocatalysis. In the classical "bottom-up" approach to synthesize stable nanomaterials by chemical reduction, stabilizing additives such as polymers or organic surfactants must be present to cap the nanoparticle to prevent material bulk aggregation. In recent years, biological systems have emerged as green alternatives to support the uncoated inorganic components. One key advantage of biological templates is their inherent ability to produce nanostructures with controllable composition, facet, size and morphology under ecologically friendly synthetic conditions, which are difficult to achieve with traditional inorganic synthesis. In addition, through genetic engineering or bioconjugation, bio-templates can provide numerous possibilities for surface functionalization to incorporate specific binding sites for the target metals. Therefore, in bio-templated systems, the electrocatalytic performance of the formed nanocatalyst can be tuned by precisely controlling the material surface chemistry. With controlled improvements in size, morphology, facet exposure, surface area and electron conductivity, bio-inspired nanomaterials often exhibit enhanced catalytic activity towards electrode reactions. In this Review, recent research developments are presented in bio-approaches for metallic nanomaterial synthesis and their applications in electrocatalysis for sustainable energy storage and conversion systems.
开发具有高反应活性、选择性和实际耐久性的金属纳米催化剂是电催化领域一个充满前景且活跃的子领域。在通过化学还原合成稳定纳米材料的经典“自下而上”方法中，必须存在诸如聚合物或有机表面活性剂等稳定添加剂来包覆纳米颗粒，以防止材料团聚。近年来，生物体系已成为支持未包覆无机组分的绿色替代方案。生物模板的一个关键优势在于其在生态友好的合成条件下具有产生组成、晶面、尺寸和形态可控的纳米结构的固有能力，而这是传统无机合成难以实现的。此外，通过基因工程或生物共轭，生物模板可为表面功能化提供众多可能性，以纳入目标金属的特定结合位点。因此，在生物模板体系中，通过精确控制材料表面化学性质，可以调节所形成的纳米催化剂的电催化性能。随着尺寸、形态、晶面暴露、表面积和电子导电性的可控改善，受生物启发的纳米材料通常对电极反应表现出增强的催化活性。在本综述中，将介绍金属纳米材料合成的生物方法及其在可持续能量存储和转换系统的电催化中的应用的最新研究进展。
